Research Article
Restructuring Reward Mechanisms in Nicotine Addiction: A Pilot fMRI Study of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Cigarette Smokers
Table 1
Subject demographics/baseline self-report.
| | | MORE | Control | Chi2/ |
| | Overall sample (N = 13) | 7 | 6 | | | % female | 0.43 | 0.14 | 1.04 | | Mean age | 49.6 (11.3) | 48.3 (14.2) | 0.18 | | Years of education | 13.7 (1.8) | 15.0 (3.3) | 0.89 | | Race | | | 1.04 | | African Americans | 3 | 1 | | | Caucasians | 4 | 5 | | | Baseline clinical measures | | | | | Nicotine dependence (FTND) | 7.1 (2.1) | 6.2 (.8) | 1.1 | | Years smoking | 26.9 (11.4) | 23.0 (11.3) | 0.61 | | Average daily cigarettes | 23.3 (10.9) | 21.2 (11.7) | 0.34 | | Carbon monoxide (CO) (screening) | 28.3 (10.8) | 27.0 (15.6) | 0.18 | | Depressive symptoms (CESD) | 17.3 (12.3) | 21.7 (14.1) | 0.6 | | Mindfulness (FFMQ) | | | | | Observe | 28.7 (4.8) | 25.2 (6.3) | 1.2 | | Describe | 31.0 (3.9) | 28.8 (7.4) | 0.68 | | Awareness | 30.4 (6.7) | 27.3 (8.2) | 0.75 | | Nonjudgement | 28.0 (6.5) | 29.2 (6.0) | 0.33 | | Nonreactive | 24.1 (4.5) | 20.3 (6.5) | 1.2 |
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Note. Standard deviation reported in parentheses next to mean where applicable.
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