A Review on the Medicinal Plant Dalbergia odorifera Species: Phytochemistry and Biological Activity

Table 1

Chemical constituents from Dalbergia odorifera species.

Number	Compounds	Parts	References
Flavonoids
Flavones and isoflavones
1	7-Methoxy-3,3′,4′,6-tetrahydroxyflavone	Heartwood	[18]
2	Fisetin	Heartwood	[18]
3	4′,5,7-Trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone	Root	[19]
4	Formononetin	Heartwood; Root heartwood; Water fraction	[3, 18, 20–26], [27]
5	2′-O-Methylformononetin	Heartwood	[24]
6	Daidzein	Heartwood	[24]
7	3′-Hydroxydaidzein	Heartwood	[18, 20]
8	3′-Methoxydaidzein	Root	[19, 20]
9	2′,7-Dihydroxy-4′,5′-dimethoxyisoflavone	Heartwood	[18]
10	7,3′-Dihydroxy-5′-methoxyisoflavone	Heartwood	[28, 29]
11	Tectorigenin	Heartwood	[3, 23, 30]
12	Koparin	Heartwood	[18]
13	Xenognosin B	Heartwood; Water fraction	[18], [27]
14	Prunetin	Leaves	[31]
15	Genistein	Leaves	[14, 31, 32]
16	Biochanin A	Leaves; Heartwood	[14, 31–33]
17	Biochanin B	Heartwood; Heartwood	[33]
18	Olibergin A	Heartwood	[24]
19	Orobol	Heartwood	[24]
20	Bowdichione	Heartwood	[18, 20]
Flavanones, flavans, isoflavanones, and isoflavans
21	(2S)-Liquiritigenin	Heartwood; Water fraction	[3, 18, 23, 29], [27], [25]
22	Eriodictyol	Heartwood	[33]
23	Naringenin	Heartwood; Water fraction	[27], [33]
24	(2S)-Pinocembrin	Heartwood; Water fraction	[24, 29], [27], [33]
25	3′,4′,7-Trihydroxyflavanone	Heartwood; Water fraction	[18, 34], [27]
26	(2S)-Pinostrobin	Heartwood	[24]
27	(2S)-3′,5,5′,7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone	Heartwood	[24]
28	(2S)-7-Methoxy-4′,6-dihydroxyflavanone	Heartwood	[24]
29	Carthamidin	Heartwood	[34]
30	6,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavanone	Heartwood	[28]
31	6,4′-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone	Heartwood	[28]
32	(2S)-6,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavan	Heartwood	[28]
33	(2S)-6,4′-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavan	Heartwood	[28, 29]
34	6,7-Dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxybenzoquinonyl)flavan	Heartwood	[35]
35	(3R)-Sativanone	Heartwood	[18, 24, 29, 33, 34]
36	(3R)-Violanone	Heartwood; Water fraction	[24], [27]
37	(3R)-3′-O-Methylviolanone	Heartwood; Water fraction	[18, 24, 29], [27]
38	(3R)-Vestitone	Heartwood; Water fraction	[34], [27]
39	(3S)-2′,4′,5′-Trimethoxy-7-hydroxyisoflavanone	Heartwood	[24]
40	(3R)-2′,3′,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavanone	Heartwood; Root	[19, 20, 34]
41	(3R)-4′-Methoxy-2′,3,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone	Heartwood; Water fraction	[18, 24, 34], [27]
42	(3S)-2′,4′-Dimethoxy-3,7-dihydroxyisoflavanone	Heartwood	[24]
43	(3R)-7,3′-Dihydroxy-6,2′,4′-trimethoxyisoflavanone	Heartwood	[7]
44	(3R)-Vestitol	Heartwood; Root heartwood; Root	[19–22, 34]
45	(3R)-5′-Methoxyvestitol	Heartwood; Root	[3, 20, 23, 25]
46	(3R)-3′,8-Dihydroxyvestitol	Heartwood	[20]
47	Duratin	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
48	Isoduratin	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
49	Mucronulatol	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[3, 21–23]
50	(3R)-Calussequinone	Heartwood	[3, 20, 23, 26]
51	7-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyspiro[benzo[d][,]dioxole-2′,3-chroman]-4-one	Heartwood	[35]
52	Odoriflavene	Heartwood; Root heartwood; Root	[21, 22, 25]
Neoflavones
53	Dalbergin	Heartwood	[18, 28, 36]
54	Stevenin	Heartwood	[18, 36]
55	Melanettin	Heartwood	[18, 24, 36]
56	3′-Hydroxymelanettin	Heartwood	[18, 24, 33, 36]
57	R(−)-Latifolin	Heartwood	[24, 28, 29, 37]
58	R(−)-5-O-Methylatifolin	Heartwood	[24, 28]
59	R(−)-Dalbergiphenol	Heartwood	[28]
60	9-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxydalbergiquinol	Heartwood	[28]
61	4,5-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxydalbergiquinol	Heartwood	[24]
62	2,4,5-Trimethoxy-3′-hydroxydalbergiquinol	Heartwood	[24]
63	2,4,5-Trimethoxydalbergiquinol	Heartwood	[38]
64	3′-Hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxydalbergiquinol	Heartwood	[36]
Chalcones
65	Isoliquiritigenin	Heartwood	[18, 24, 28, 29, 34]
66	2′-O-Methyl-isoliquiritigenin	Heartwood; Root	[20, 25]
67	4,2′,5′-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone	Heartwood	[28]
68	Butein	Heartwood	[18, 24]
69	α,2′,3,4,4′-Pentahydroxydihydrochalcone	Heartwood	[24]
70	α,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone	Heartwood	[24]
Pterocarpans
71	Medicarpin	Heartwood; Root heartwood; Root; CHCl3 extract	[2, 18–24, 26], [39]
72	(6aR,11aR)-6a,9-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxypterocarpan	Heartwood	[7]
73	(6aR,11aR)-6a,3,9-Trimethoxypterocarpan	Heartwood	[7]
74	(6aR,11aR)-Variabiin	Heartwood	[7]
75	Vesticarpan	Heartwood	[7]
76	3-Methoxy-9-hydroxypterocarpan	Heartwood	[7]
77	Meliotocarpan A	Heartwood	[7, 18]
78	Meliotocarpan C	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
79	Meliotocarpan D	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[7, 21, 22]
80	Methylnissolin	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
81	Odoricarpan	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
82	3-Hydroxy-9-methoxycoumestan	Heartwood	[18]
Bisflavonoids
83	(3R,4R)-trans-2′,3′,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-4-[(3R)-2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavan-5′-yl]isoflavan	Heartwood	[20]
84	(3R,4R)-trans-2′,7-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-4-[(3R)-2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavan-5′-yl]isoflavan	Heartwood	[20]
85	(3R,4R)-trans-2′,7-Dihydroxy-4′,5′-dimethoxy-4-[(3R)-2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavan-5′-yl]isoflavan	Heartwood	[20]
86	(3R,4R)-trans-3′,7-Dihydroxy-2′,5′-dimethoxy-4-[(3R)-2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavan-5′-yl]isoflavan	Heartwood	[20]
87	(3R,4R)-trans-3′,7-Dihydroxy-2′,5′-dimethoxy-4-[(3R)-2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavan-5′-yl]isoflavan	Heartwood	[40]
88	DO-17	Heartwood	[20]
89	DO-19	Heartwood	[40]
90	DO-20	Heartwood	[40]
91	DO-21	Heartwood	[40]
Phenols
92	2-(2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethoxy)-4-hydrobenzoic acid	Heartwood	[7]
93	2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl) ethanone	Heartwood	[7]
94	Obtustyrene	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
95	Hydroxyobtustyrene	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21–23]
96	Isomucronustyrene	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
97	Cearoin	Heartwood	[18, 28, 36]
98	2,2′,5-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone	Heartwood	[28]
99	2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzophenone	Root	[19]
100	Methyl-2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	Heartwood; Root heartwood	[21, 22]
101	2-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde	Heartwood	[23]
Sesquiterpenes
102	6α-Hydroxycyclonerolidol	Heartwood	[41]
103	Rel-(3R,6R,7S)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,7-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-6-ol	Heartwood	[41]
104	Rel-(3S,6R,7S,10S)-2,6,10-Trimethyl-3,6,7,10-diepoxy-2-dodecen-11-ol	Heartwood	[41]
105	Rel-(3S,6R,7S,10R)-2,6,10-Trimethyl-3,6,7,10-diepoxy-11-dodecen-2-ol	Heartwood	[41]
106	Rel-(2R,2′R,5′S)-2,5′-Dimethyl-5′-vinylhexahydro-2,2′-bifuran-5(2H)-one	Heartwood	[41]
107	Crocinervolide	Heartwood	[41]
108	Neroplofurol	Heartwood	[41]
109	Rel-(3S,6R,7S,9E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,9,11-dodecatrien-7-ol	Heartwood	[41]
110	Rel-(3S,6R,7S)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1-dodecen-7,11-diol	Heartwood	[41]
111	Rel-(3S,6R,7S)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Heartwood	[41]
112	Rel-(3S,6S,7R)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Heartwood	[41]
113	(3S,6R,7R)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Heartwood	[42]
114	(3S,6S,7R)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Heartwood	[42]
115	(E)-7-Hydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one	Heartwood	[41]
116	3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-1,10-diene-3,6,7-triol	Heartwood	[41]
117	(3S,5E)-3,11-Dimethyl-7-methylenedodaca-1,5,10-trien-3-ol	Heartwood	[41]
118	Rel-(S,E)-2-[(S)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-ol	Heartwood	[41]
Arylbenzofurans
119	(2R, 3R)-Obtusafuran	Heartwood	[4, 28]
120	6-Methoxy-5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-3-benzoylbenzofuran	Heartwood	[7]
121	Phenylbenzofuran I	Heartwood	[35]
122	Sulfuretin	Heartwood	[34]
123	Isoparvifuran	Heartwood	[28]
124	2′,6-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran; (6-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran)	Heartwood; CHCl3 extract	[40], [39]
Quinones
125	(S)-4-Methoxydalbergione	Heartwood	[18]
126	R(+)-4-Methoxydalbergione	Heartwood	[28, 36]
127	4′-Hydroxy-4-methoxydalbergione	Heartwood	[28]
Other components
128	2-Methoxy-3-hydroxyxanthone	Heartwood	[24]
129	Hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester	Root	[19]
130	Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Root	[19]
131	3,8-Nonadien-2-one	Root	[19]

Not to show part use. Not name.