A Review on the Medicinal Plant Dalbergia odorifera Species: Phytochemistry and Biological Activity

Table 2

Biological experiments from isolated constituents from Dalbergia odorifera species.

Number	Compounds	Biological experiments	References
3	4′,5,7-Trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone	Antioxidant	[19]
4	Formononetin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity	[3, 23–26]
5	2′-O-Methylformononetin	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
6	Daidzein	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
8	3′-Methoxydaidzein	Antioxidant	[19]
10	7,3′-Dihydroxy-5′-methoxyisoflavone	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, anti-inflammatory	[28, 29]
11	Tectorigenin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, cytotoxicity	[3, 23]
12	Koparin	Anti-inflammatory	[18]
13	Xenognosin B	Anti-inflammatory	[18]
16	Biochanin A	Antioxidant	[33]
17	Biochanin B	Antioxidant	[33]
18	Olibergin A	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
19	Orobol	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
20	Bowdichione	Anti-inflammatory	[18]
21	(2S)-Liquiritigenin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[3, 23, 29, 34]
22	Eriodictyol	Antioxidant	[33]
23	Naringenin	Antioxidant	[33]
24	(2S)-Pinocembrin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[24, 29, 33]
26	(2S)-Pinostrobin	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
27	(2S)-3′,5,5′,7-Tetrahydroxyflavanone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
28	(2S)-7-Methoxy-4′,6-dihydroxyflavanone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
29	Carthamidin	Antibacterial	[34]
31	6,4′-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone	Anti-inflammatory	[28, 43]
32	(2S)-6,7,4′-Trihydroxyflavan	Anti-inflammatory	[28]
33	(2S)-6,4′-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavan	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, anti-inflammatory	[28, 29]
34	6,7-Dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxybenzoquinonyl)-flavan	Cytotoxicity	[35]
35	(3R)-Sativanone	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[24, 29, 33, 34]
36	(3R)-Violanone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
37	(3R)-3′-O-Methylviolanone	Anti-inflammatory	[18, 24]
38	(3R)-Vestitone	Antibacterial	[34]
39	(3S)-2′,4′,5′-Trimethoxy-7-hydroxyisoflavanone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
40	(3R)-2′,3′,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavanone	Antioxidant, antibacterial	[19, 20, 34]
41	(3R)-4′-Methoxy-2′,3,7-trihydroxyisoflavanone	Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial	[24, 34]
42	(3S)-2′,4′-Dimethoxy-3,7-dihydroxyisoflavanone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
43	(3R)-7,3′-Dihydroxy-6,2′,4′-trimethoxyisoflavanone	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
44	(3R)-Vestitol	Antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity, PG synthetase inhibition	[19, 21, 22, 34]
45	(3R)-5′-Methoxyvestitol	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antioxidant, cytotoxicity	[3, 23, 25]
48	Isoduratin	PG synthetase inhibition	[21, 22]
49	Mucronulatol	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, cytotoxicity, PG synthetase inhibition	[3, 21–23]
50	(3R)-Calussequinone	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[3, 23, 26]
51	7-Hydroxy-5′-methoxyspiro[benzo[d][,]dioxole-2′,3-chroman]-4-one	Cytotoxicity	[35]
52	Odoriflavene	Antioxidant, cytotoxicity, PG synthetase inhibition	[21, 22, 25]
55	Melanettin	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
56	3′-Hydroxymelanettin	Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	[24, 33]
57	R(−)-Latifolin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, anti-inflammatory	[24, 28, 29, 37]
58	R(−)-5-O-Methylatifolin	Anti-inflammatory	[28]
59	R(−)-Dalbergiphenol	Anti-inflammatory	[28]
60	9-Hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxydalbergiquinol	Anti-inflammatory	[5, 28]
61	4,5-Dimethoxy-2-hydroxydalbergiquinol	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
62	2,4,5-Trimethoxy-3′-hydroxydalbergiquinol	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
65	Isoliquiritigenin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory	[18, 24, 28, 29, 34, 44]
66	2′-O-Methyl-isoliquiritigenin	Antioxidant, cytotoxicity	[25]
67	4,2′,5′-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxychalcone	Anti-inflammatory	[28, 45]
68	Butein	Anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant activity	[24, 46, 47]
69	α,2′,3,4,4′-Pentahydroxydihydrochalcone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
70	α,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxydihydrochalcone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
71	Medicarpin	Alpha-glucoside inhibition, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity	[3, 19, 23, 26], [39]
72	(6aR,11aR)-6a,9-Dimethoxy-3-hydroxypterocarpan	Cytotoxicity	[7]
73	(6aR,11aR)-6a,3,9-Trimethoxypterocarpan	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
74	(6aR,11aR)-Variabiin	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
75	Vesticarpan	Cytotoxicity	[7]
76	3-Methoxy-9-hydroxypterocarpan	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
77	Meliotocarpan A	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
79	Meliotocarpan D	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
92	2-(2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethoxy)-4-hydrobenzoic acid	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
93	2-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl)ethanone	Cytotoxicity	[7]
94	Obtustyrene	PG synthetase inhibition	[21, 22]
95	Hydroxyobtustyrene	Cytotoxicity, PG synthetase inhibition	[21–23]
96	Isomucronustyrene	PG synthetase inhibition	[21, 22]
97	Cearoin	Anti-inflammatory	[18, 28]
98	2,2′,5-Trihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone	Anti-inflammatory	[28]
99	2,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzophenone	Antioxidant	[19]
100	Methyl-2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	PG synthetase inhibition	[21, 22]
101	2-Hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde	Cytotoxicity	[23]
102	6α-Hydroxycyclonerolidol	Antibacterial	[41]
103	Rel-(3R,6R,7S)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,7-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-6-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
104	Rel-(3S,6R,7S,10S)-2,6,10-Trimethyl-3,6,7,10-diepoxy-2-dodecen-11-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
105	Rel-(3S,6R,7S,10R)-2,6,10-Trimethyl-3,6,7,10-diepoxy-11-dodecen-2-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
106	Rel-(2R,2′R,5′S)-2,5′-Dimethyl-5′-vinylhexahydro-2,2′-bifuran-5(2H)-one	Antibacterial	[41]
107	Crocinervolide	Antibacterial	[41]
108	Neroplofurol	Antibacterial	[41]
109	Rel-(3S,6R,7S,9E)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,9,11-dodecatrien-7-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
110	Rel-(3S,6R,7S)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1-dodecen-7,11-diol	Antibacterial	[41]
111	Rel-(3S,6R,7S)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
112	Rel-(3S,6S,7R)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
113	(3S,6R,7R)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Antithrombotics, antiplatelet	[42]
114	(3S,6S,7R)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-3,6-epoxy-1,10-dodecadien-7-ol	Antithrombotics, antiplatelet	[42]
115	(E)-7-Hydroxy-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one	Antibacterial	[41]
116	3,7,11-Trimethyldodeca-1,10-diene-3,6,7-triol	Antibacterial	[41]
117	(3S,5E)-3,11-Dimethyl-7-methylenedodaca-1,5,10-trien-3-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
118	Rel-(S,E)-2-[(S)-2,2-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-6,10-dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-ol	Antibacterial	[41]
119	(2R,3R)-Obtusafuran	Anti-inflammatory	[4, 28]
120	6-Methoxy-5,2′,4′-trihydroxy-3-benzoylbenzofuran	Antibacterial, cytotoxicity	[7]
121	Phenylbenzofuran I	Cytotoxicity	[35]
122	Sulfuretin	Antibacterial	[34]
123	Isoparvifuran	Anti-inflammatory	[4, 28]
124	2′,6-Dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-2-arylbenzofuran; (6-hydroxy-2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)benzofuran)	Anti-inflammatory	[39]
125	(S)-4-Methoxydalbergione	Anti-inflammatory, antiosteosarcoma	[18, 48]
126	R(+)-4-Methoxydalbergione	Anti-inflammatory, antiosteosarcoma	[28, 38]
127	4′-Hydroxy-4-methoxydalbergione	Anti-inflammatory	[28]
128	2-Methoxy-3-hydroxyxanthone	Anti-inflammatory	[24]
129	Hexanoic acid, 2-propenyl ester	Antioxidant	[19]
130	Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester	Antioxidant	[19]
131	3,8-Nonadien-2-one	Antioxidant	[19]