|
| CHM | Possible mechanisms |
|
| Herbal formula (HF) |
| Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan (GZFLW) | Anti-inflammation by suppressing TNF-α in the endothelial cell culture [28]
Suppressing anti-endometrial IgM antibody [29, 30]
Reducing endometrial tissue size in rat model by increasing CD4 (+) cells and natural killer cells [31]
Attenuation of endometriosis lesions by inducing cell apoptosis [32, 33] |
|
| Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San | Anti-inflammation by suppressing mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear transcription factor kappa B pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages [34] |
|
| Dang-Gui-Shao-Yao-San | Anti-inflammation by decreasing cyclooxygenases-2 message RNA transcription and production of prostaglandin F2α in endometrial epithelial cells [35]
Correction of luteal phase defect by increasing progesterone from rat ovarian follicles [36] |
|
| Shao-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang | Anti-inflammation by inhibiting expression of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-12 in primary dysmenorrhea mouse model [37]
Recovery from hormonal imbalance in blood stasis rat model [37] |
|
| Wen-Jing-Tang | Correction of luteal phase defect among patients [38] |
|
| Single herb (SH) |
| Cyperus rotundus | Antioxidation in rat model [39]
Antioxidation and induction of apoptosis in leukemic (K562 and L1210) cell lines [40]
Anti-inflammation by decreasing IL-1β activity in THP-1 cells [41] |
|
| Corydalis yanhusuo | Analgesia by enhancing dopamine D1 receptor-mediated pathway [42, 43]
Induction of apoptosis by activating P38 and JNK pathway in A549 cells [44] |
|
| Leonurus heterophyllus | Anti-inflammation in rat model and decreasing secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in mast cells [45, 46]
Anti-inflammation by inhibiting nuclear transcription factor kappa B pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells [47] |
|
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | Immunomodulation, decreasing peritoneal IL-18 and TNF-α, but elevating IL-13 in rat endometriosis model [48, 49] |
|
| Taraxacum mongolicum | Anti-inflammation by decreasing expression of TNF-β in lipopolysaccharide-induced human bronchial epithelial cells [50] |
|
| Sparganium stoloniferum | Induction of apoptosis by arresting cell cycles in neuroblastoma cells [51]
Anti-inflammation by decreasing IL-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells [52] |
|
