The Efficacy of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Cervical Vertigo: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Details of acupuncture treatment and control interventions of included studies.

Study	Acupuncture rationale	Main acupoints	Details of needling					Control interventions
			Insertion depths	Responses elicited	Needle stimulation	Needle type	Retention time
Zhang, 2013 [28]	TCM	PC6, GB34, GB20	10–20 mm	Deqi	MA	40 mm	30 min	Ligustrazine phosphate tablets (100 mg tid)
Wu et al., 2008 [29]	TCM	GB20, GV16, GV15	1 inch	Deqi	EA	0.35 mm 50 mm	30 min	Chuanxiongqin injection (120 mg + 5% GS 250 ml); Flunarizine (5 mg qn)
Guo and Yan, 2013 [33]	TCM	GV20, GV16, GB39; GB20, BL10, EX-B2	0.5–1 inch for GV20, GV6, EX-B2; 0.5–0.8 inches for GB39, BL10, GB20	Deqi	MA	0.30 mm 40 mm	30 min	Flunarizine (5 mg qn); Nimesulide (0.1 g bid); Eperisone (50 mg tid)
Luo and Xu, 2012 [34]	TCM	GV20, GB20, GV16, EX-B2	NA	Deqi	EA	40 mm	30 min	Flunarizine (5 mg qn); Betahistine Mesilate tablets (6 mg tid)
Yu et al., 2005 [35]	TCM	am: CV12, LI11, LI4, ST36, SP9, ST40, SP6, LR3 SP10; pm: GB20, EX-B2	NA	NA	MA	NA	30 min	Betahistine hydrochloride injection (30 mg + 5% GS 250 ml)
Liu and Shan, 2015 [30]	TCM	GV20, EX-HN1, GB20, EX-B2	1.5 inches for GV20, EX-B2; 1 inch for EX-HN1; 0.8 inches for GB20	Deqi	MA	0.3 mm 50 mm	30 min	Banxiabaizhutianma decoction (1 dose qd)
Deng, 2006 [31]	TCM	GB19, GB20, BL9, BL10, TE23, GB8, GB4, GB5	1.5 inches–2 inches	NA	MA	NA	30 min	Betahistine hydrochloride 250 ml; Flunarizine (5 mg qd)
Hua and Li, 2009 [36]	TCM	GB20, GB12, BL10, SI15; LI4, ST8, GV20	NA	Deqi	MA	0.3 mm 40 mm	30 min	Chuanxiongqin injection (80 mg + 5% GS 250 ml)
Wu et al., 2010 [37]	TCM	GB20, Gongxue, Jingpangsanzhen	1.5 inches–2 inches	NA	MA	NA	30 min	Nimodipine tablets (20 mg tid)
Lin et al., 2011 [32]	TCM	GB20, BL10, GV14; GB21, GV20, SI3, LU7	NA	Deqi	WNM	0.35 mm 50 mm	NA	Betahistine tablets (6 mg tid)

MA: manual acupuncture; EA: electroacupuncture; WNM: warm needle moxibustion; NA: not available.
Deqi: a sort of acid bilge feeling in patients and a sense in doctors which was vividly described as holding a float bobbing up and down when a fish was biting hook.