|
| Species | The main usage in local place (present study) | Phytochemical/pharmacological properties (literature review) | Local use coherent with known phytochemical/pharmacological properties |
|
| Portulaca oleracea | Whole plant soup is taken for enteritis and constipation | Alkaloid extract may possess anti-inflammatory properties [21] | Yes |
|
| Iris lactea | Seeds and flowers are applied on heat-clearing and detoxifying | Containing more than seven kinds of flavonoids [22], but seldom pharmacological research | Unknown |
|
| Gymnadenia conopsea | Whole plant and rhizomes are used for wounds, weakness, and dizziness | Antiallergic effect [23] | Yes |
|
| Houttuynia cordata | Whole plant is taken for respiratory and kidney problems | Anti-inflammatory and virucidal effects [24, 25] | Yes |
|
| Humulus scandens | Whole plant is used for fever, cough, and urethra problem | Antibacterial, antihypertensive, and antiphlogistic properties [26] | Yes |
|
| Polygonum viviparum | Rhizomes are taken for wounds, cough, and cold | Antioxidative activity [27, 28] | Partial |
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| Rumex acetosa | Whole plant is applied on dermatological infections and gastrointestinal disorders | Antimutagenicity and antigenotoxic activity [29], but seldom pharmacological research | Partial |
|
| Plantago depressa | Used for hepatitis and seeds are applied on diarrhea or eye diseases | Hypoglycemia and lipids regulating effects [30] | Yes |
|
| Polygonum aviculare | Whole plant is used for kidney and urethra problems | Diuretic, antihypertensive, antibacterial, and antioxidant effect [31] | Yes |
|
| Carum carvi | Fruits are taken for dyspepsia, coughs, diuresis, and stomachache | Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and diuretic properties [32, 33] | Yes |
|
| Pseudostellaria heterophylla | Roots are taken for cough, weakness, and dizziness | Antifungal and immunostimulating activities [34, 35] | Yes |
|
| Xanthium sibiricum | Leaves are applied on wind chill and colds | Bacteriostatic and antifungal activities [36, 37] | Yes |
|
| Tribulus terrestris | Fruits are applied for eye diseases, menstrual disorders, and liver problems | Having several effects on central neural system, sex function, and muscular system [38] | Partial |
|
| Ranunculus japonicas | Used for dermatological infections | Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects [39] | Yes |
|
| Paeonia obovate | Roots are taken for cough and menstrual disorders | Hypoglycemic activity and immunocompetence of paeoniflorin [40] | Partial |
|
| Thlaspi arvense | Whole plant and seeds are applied for kidney and urethra problems | Antibacterial and antifungal activities [41] | Partial |
|
| Sedum aizoon | Whole plant an roots are taken for cuts and wounds | Improving the immune function and relieving swelling and pain [42] | Yes |
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| Plantago asiatica | Used for diarrhea, hepatitis, and red swollen and painful eye | Antiviral and immunomodulatory effects [43] | Yes |
|
| Sanguisorba officinalis | Roots are used for cuts and wounds | Antimicrobial activity [44] | Yes |
|
| Lonicera japonica | Used for gastrointestinal disorders, colds, and fever | Anti-inflammatory activity [45] | Yes |
|
| Valeriana officinalis | Roots are taken for cough, heart diseases, and lubricating the intestines | Having effect on circulatory system and respiratory system [46] | Yes |
|
| Polygonatum odoratum | Roots are taken for palpitation, coughs, and physical weakness | Hypoglycemic effects [47] | Partial |
|
| Acorus calamus | Used for febrile pain, colds, and toothache | Reduction of body temperature and potentiation of hypnotic activity [48] | Yes |
|
| Lespedeza cuneata | Used for Gastrointestinal disorders, wounds, and respiratory problems | Contains tannins [49] | Unknown |
|
| Oxalis acetosella | Used for wounds and dermatological infections | Seldom report on physiological activity | Unknown |
|
| Geranium sibiricum | Whole plant and roots are taken for wounds and gastrointestinal disorders | Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities [50] | Yes |
|
| Sophora flavescens | Root are used for dermatological infections and gastrointestinal disorders | Contains matrine [51] | Unknown |
|
| Actinidia argute | Used for menstrual disorders and liver complaint | Contains sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, benzene, and other compounds [52] | Partial |
|
| Daphne giraldii | Used for headache, arthralgia, and gastrointestinal disorders | Anti-inflammatory analgesic activity [53] | Yes |
|
| Astragalus chrysopterus | Whole plant is taken for wounds, heart diseases, and dermatological infections | Contains soyasaponin, triterpenoid, glycoside daucosterol, beta-sitosterol, and other compounds [54] | Partial |
|
| Lespedeza bicolor | Leaves and stems are applied for cough, fever, weakness, and kidney problems | Contains ethyl caffeate, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, betulinic acid, β-sitosterol, and many active compounds [55] | Partial |
|
| Asarum sieboldii | Roots are applied for cold, headache, and toothache | Antinociceptive effects [56] | Yes |
|
| Hippophae rhamnoides | Fruits are taken for coughs, colds, and gastrointestinal disorders | Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties [57] | Yes |
|
| Solanum nigrum | Whole plant is taken for stomachache, headache, hot eyes, and faucitis | Gastric antiulcerogenic effects [58] | Partial |
|
| Pyrola rotundifolia | Used for cough, wounds, and menstrual disorders | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities [59] | Yes |
|
| Origanum vulgare | Used for colds, fever, vomiting, and menstrual disorder | Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities [59] | Yes |
|
| Lepidium apetalum | Seeds are applied for fending off the cold and coughs and nourishing | Contains flavonoids [60] | Unknown |
|
| Cynanchum wilfordii | Roots are taken for weakness and kidney problems | Contains more than eight c21 steroidal glycosides [61] | Partial |
|
| Metaplexis japonica | Used for cough, dizziness, and urethra problems | Anticancer activity and improving immune function [62] | Partial |
|
| Verbena officinalis | Whole plant is used for wounds, dermatological infections, and menstrual disorders | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity [63] | Yes |
|
| Leonurus pseudomacranthus | Used for menstrual disorders and kidney and urethra problems | Seldom report on physiological activity | Unknown |
|
| Veronicastrum sibiricum | Whole plant and roots are taken for cough, fever, and headache | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities [64] | Yes |
|
| Daucus carota | Fruits are applied on invigorating stomach, coughs, nourishing, cystolith, and kidney stone | Hepatoprotective activity [65] | Partial |
|
| Diospyros lotus | Fruit juice is applied for malaria, diarrhea, and removal of black spots | Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity [66] | Yes |
|
| Anaphalis sinica | Whole plant is used for fever, cough, and gastrointestinal disorders | More than twenty components were isolated and many flavonoids were identified [67] | Partial |
|
| Ranunculus sceleratus | Used for phlegm, menstrual disorder, and diuresis | Many chemical compounds were detected [68], but seldom pharmacological research | Unknown |
|
| Bidens parviflora | Whole plant is used for cough, dermatological infections, and gastrointestinal disorders | Antihyperlipidemia, anti-inflammatory activities and protecting stomach [22] | Yes |
|
| Cephalanoplos segetum | Used for cough, kidney, and urethra problems | Contains high content of chlorogenic acid [69], but seldom pharmacological research | Unknown |
|
| Artemisia annua | Used for fever, intestinal tract disease, and skin disease | Antibacterial and antioxidant activities [70] | Yes |
|
| Arctium lappa | Fruits are taken for coughs, fever, and sore swollen throat | Anti-inflammatory activity [71] | Yes |
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