Euphorbia kansui Attenuates Insulin Resistance in Obese Human Subjects and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Table 1

Comparison of outcome measures in an obese human study.

	Before	After	value
BW (kg)	65.37 ± 3.53	64.10 ± 3.49	0.02
BMI	24.93 ± 0.65	24.28 ± 0.58	0.047
Waist-hip ratio	0.90 ± 0.01	0.90 ± 0.01	0.79
Percent body fat (%)	29.71 ± 1.44	29.56 ± 1.39	0.58
BUN (mg/dl)	15.28 ± 1.32	14.52 ± 1.14	0.44
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.72 ± 0.39	0.72 ± 0.42	0.75
eGFR	97.38 ± 6.71	93.58 ± 4.94	0.36
AST (U/L)	32.42 ± 6.96	27.04 ± 2.53	0.51
ALT (U/L)	35.25 ± 13.56	25.96 ± 5.40	0.28
GGT (U/L)	44.91 ± 13.53	43.04 ± 13.49	0.77
Protein (g/dl)	6.98 ± 0.53	6.79 ± 0.55	0.21
Albumin (g/dl)	3.99 ± 0.32	3.98 ± 0.48	0.97
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	94.5 ± 5.6	88.3 ± 9.99	0.12
HbA1c (%)	6.11 ± 0.58	5.97 ± 0.56	0.28

“Before” and “after” indicate before Euphorbia administration and after Euphorbia administration, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SE. For value, the results are from paired -test to examine within-group effects. BW: body weight; BMI: body mass index; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; eGFR: CockCroft-Gault estimated glomerular filtration rate; AST: aspartic aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; GGT: gamma glutamyltranspeptidase.