Activation of AMPK by Buddleja officinalis Maxim. Flower Extract Contributes to Protecting Hepatocytes from Oxidative Stress

Figure 3

Effects of BFE on AA + iron-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. HepG2 cells were treated with 10 or 30 μg/mL of BFE for 1 h, continuously treated with 10 μM of AA for 12 h, and then exposed to 5 μM of iron for 1 h. (a) The amount of H₂O₂ was determined from the fluorescence intensity of cells treated with DCFH-DA (10 μM) for 1 h at 37°C. (b) Analysis of glutathione (GSH) content. (c) After the cells were stained with 0.05 μg/mL Rh123 for 30 min, the fluorescence intensity was measured with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and the RN1 fraction (Rh123-negative cells) was represented as a percentage of the total. All data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments ( and between control and AA + iron-treated cells; between AA + iron-treated cells without or with BFE).

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