| | Reference | Treatment with massage techniques |
| | Zhang et al. 2011 [35] | (1) Press and knead the soft tissue around the neck and shoulder using the thumb (the patient is in prostrate position)
(2) knead the acupoints: Fengchi (GB20), Fengfu (GV16), and Ashi points using a moderate force (the patient is in supine position)
(3) Stretch and rotate the neck (the patient is in supine position)
(4) Press and knead the neck and shoulder, followed by grasping the shoulder (the patient is in sitting position) |
| | Jiang 2013 [36] | (1) knead and palm-rub the neck and shoulder muscle (the patient is in sitting position all the time)
(2) Press and knead the acupoints: Fengchi (GB20), Tianzhu (BL10), Tianzong (SI11), Dazhui (GV14), Jianjing (GB21), Fengmen (BL12), Houxi (SI3), and Hegu (LI4)
(3) Stretch and rotate the neck
(4) knead the neck and shoulder muscle again |
| | Mi and Bi 2013 [37] | (1) knead and roll cervical spinous process and paraspinous tissue
(2) Grasp and knead the acupoints and meridians in the patient’s affected upper extremities: Jianjing (GB21), pericardium meridian, triple energizer meridian, large intestine meridian, and small intestine meridian
(3) Roll the acupoints: Tianzong (SI11) and Zhongfu (LU1) using metacarpophalangeal joints
(4) Press the acupoints: Futu (LI18), Tianding (LI17), Quchi (LI11), Hegu (LI4), Yangxi (LI5), and Yanggu (SI5) |
| | Huang 2013 [38] | (1) Grasp and knead the soft tissue around the neck and shoulder and press and knead the acupoints: Tianzong (SI11), Jianjing (GB21), and Dazhui (GV14); pull and stretch the upper extremities (the patient is in supine position all the time)
(2) Hold the distal end of the patient’s affected upper extremities and shake in small amplitude
(3) Rap the soft tissue around the neck and shoulder
(4) Pat the back using the hollow palm |
| | Liu 2014 [39] | (1) Grasp and knead the acupoints: Fengfu (GV16), Fengchi (GB20), Tianding (LI17), Tianzhu (BL10), Jianjing (GB21), Quepen (ST12), Quchi (LI11), Xiaohai (SI8), Shousanli (LI10), Waiguan (TE5), Neiguan (PC6), Shenmen (HT7), and Hegu (LI4) (the patient is in sitting position all the time)
(2) Roll, grasp, and knead the muscle around the neck and shoulder; especially press and knead the scalene muscle and pressure point
(3) Stretch and rotate the neck
(4) Grasp and knead the acupoints: Jianjing (GB21); hold the distal end of the patient’s affected upper extremities and shake in small amplitude and pat the back and the upper extremities |
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