Research Article
Immunological Modulation in Long-Term Karate Practitioners
Table 2
Mean and standard deviation (in parenthesis) of immunological parameters, independent sample t-test, one-tailed p value, and Cohen’s d.
| | Variables | Control Group | Karate Group | t | p | d |
| | Leukocytes (x109/L) | 5.65 (0.94) | 6.87 (1.74) | -2.17 | .02 | 0.87 | | Neutrophils (x109/L) | 3.00 (0.72) | 3.45 (1.10) | -1.21 | .12 | 0.48 | | Monocytes (x109/L) | 0.46 (0.19) | 0.61 (0.16) | -2.33 | .01 | 0.85 | | Eosinophils (x109/L) | 0.28 (0.17) | 0.24 (0.17) | 0.60 | .27 | 0.23 | | Basophils (x109/L) | 0.040 (0.029) | 0.033 (0.017) | 0.80 | .22 | 0.29 | | Lymphocytes (x109/L) | 1.83 (0.37) | 2.31 (0.56) | -2.57 | <.01 | 1.01 | | Neutrophils % | 52.88 (7.51) | 52.41 (8.56) | 0.15 | .45 | 0.06 | | Monocytes % | 7.43 (2.02) | 9.04 (1.51) | -2.32 | .01 | 0.90 | | Eosinophils % | 4.32 (2.14) | 3.71 (2.78) | 0.61 | .27 | 0.24 | | Basophils % | 0.69 (0.47) | 0.50 (0.27) | 1.20 | .12 | 0.49 | | Lymphocytes% | 32.64 (5.49) | 34.35 (7.10) | -0.68 | .25 | 0.27 | | IgG (mg/dL) | 1025.83 (197.08) | 1166.71 (109.84) | -2.20 | .02 | 0.88 | | IgA (mg/dL) | 229.33 (76.36) | 218.66 (83.16) | 0.34 | .36 | 0.13 | | IgM (mg/dL) | 82.82 (23.28) | 111.07 (33.63) | -2.37 | .01 | 0.98 |
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