The Effect of a Hydrolyzed Polysaccharide Dietary Supplement on Biomarkers in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Table 2
Liver enzymes, kidney function, lipids, and oxidative stress markers at baseline and 45 and 90 days.
Measure
Reference range
Time
RBAC
Placebo
ALP (U/L
Male (40–129) Female (35–104)
Baseline
86 ± 37.6 (47, 172)
86.1 ± 31.8 (44, 141)
45 days
81.2 ± 27.5 (45, 130)
91.8 ± 39.8 (43, 168)
90 days
80 ± 25.4 (50, 140)
96.8 ± 38.1 (46, 159)
ALT (U/L)
Male (0–40) Female (0–35)
Baseline
39.4 ± 21.9 (12, 74)
57.8 ± 37 (13, 114)
45 days
35.9 ± 22.9 (11, 83)
59 ± 42.7 (16, 140)
90 days
38.6 ± 30.5 (13, 118)
55.4 ± 49 (13, 165)
AST (U/L)
Male (0–43) Female (0–32)
Baseline
28.8 ± 10.3 (17, 48)
42.6 ± 20.2 (14, 92)
45 days
29.2 ± 13.4 (15, 56)
43.3 ± 22.1 (20, 83)
90 days
30.4 ± 17.9 (17, 81)
44.4 ± 30.3 (19, 120)
AST/ALT ratio
Male (<1) Female (<1)
Baseline
0.86 ± 0.31 (0.58, 1.44)
0.9 ± 0.34 (0.48, 1.39)
45 days
0.95 ± 0.33 (0.58, 1.54)
0.9 ± 0.36 (0.56, 1.65)
90 days
0.92 ± 0.32 (0.57, 1.67)
1.02 ± 0.42 (0.52, 1.72)
γ-Glutamyl transferase (IU/L)
0–51
Baseline
67.5 ± 80.6 (13, 304)
78.6 ± 87.7 (8, 300)
45 days
51.4 ± 49.3 (15, 182)
83.1 ± 74.1 (14, 248)
90 days
46.7 ± 38.1 (13, 126)
98.2 ± 94.6 (15, 291)
Albumin (g/dL)
3.5–5.2
Baseline
4.6 ± 0.3 (4.1, 4.9)
4.5 ± 0.4 (3.6, 4.9)
45 days
4.5 ± 0.2 (4.3, 4.7)
4.5 ± 0.5 (3.3, 5.2)
90 days
4.5 ± 0.3 (4, 4.9)
4.6 ± 0.5 (3.5, 5)
Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)
<100 for healthy subjects; <80 for subjects with coronary artery disease
Baseline
142.5 ± 26.7 (81, 184)
146.7 ± 68.8 (36, 275)
45 days
147.9 ± 33.6 (103, 214)
143.3 ± 65.7 (33, 247)
90 days
142.8 ± 28.1 (96, 206)
144.6 ± 55.7 (37, 220)
4-Hydroxynonenal (μg/mL)
None
Baseline
121.1 ± 163.6 (6.2, 588.1)
144.5 ± 203 (5.7, 636.9)
45 days
112.7 ± 150.8 (13.3, 534.7)
252.4 ± 367.4 (5.9, 1035.7)
90 days
75.9 ± 50.8 (19.4, 157.7)
911.3 ± 2,258.3 (7.9, 6,485.6)
Note. Values are mean ± standard deviation (minimum, maximum). ALP: alkaline phosphatase; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; and HDL: high-density lipoprotein. Percent change difference from baseline to 90 days.
