Home-Based Transcutaneous Neuromodulation Improved Constipation via Modulating Gastrointestinal Hormones and Bile Acids

Table 2

The comparison of plasma bile acids among FC patients and control group. Median (quartile range), nonparametric test.

Bile acids (ng/ml)	Before TN treatment; (treatment group, )	After TN treatment; (treatment group, )	Control group; ()
TUDCA	0.00 (0.00~1.65)	0.00 (0.00~6.22)	1.02 (0.18~2.10)
TCDCA	22.80 (7.33~55.60)	36.80 (14.90~58.95)	13.65 (7.38~47.45)
UDCA	11.80 (5.23~36.30)	26.00 (12.45~44.75)	8.74 (2.68~33.78)
CDCA	44.70 (19.15~44.70)	98.00 (19.95~273.00)	87.80 (21.60~283.35)
LCA	ND	ND	<5
GCA	43.50 (17.85~147.35)	52.60 (23.30~106.00)	16.95 (10.83~70.80)
GCDCA	118.70 (56.05~491.10)	188.20 (78.60~255.20)	400.00 (90.25~677.50)
GDCA	34.80 (9.41~89.05)	20.60 (12.40~38.50)	28.95 (11.33~52.43)
TDCA	31.30 (11.85~60.05	12.64 (9.29~19.95	2.40 (1.85~4.63)
TCA	67.60 (30.71~178.90	31.70 (12.54~72.90	2.45 (1.03~26.57)
TLCA	4.10 (3.23~4.95	3.20 (2.09~3.70	1.05 (0.26~2.26)
CA	18.70 (7.35~31.00)	21.10 (13.60~33.00)	28.70 (3.83~92.35)

versus control group (Mann-Whitney U Test); versus treatment group before TN treatment (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test); ND, not detectable.