| | Study | Animal model | Sex | Age
(weeks) | Weight
(g) | per group | Material
(extraction method) | Dose or concentration | Duration
(weeks) | Outcome |
| | Chung et al. 2016 [45] | C57BL/6N mice with HFD | M | 4 | 12 | 8 | (1) RG (WE)
(2) WG (WE)
(3) AG4 (WE)
(4) AG5(WE) | Unknown | 8 | BW, HDL, TC, TG | | Han et al. 2008 [46] | db/db mice | M | 5 | 25-26 | 5 | GS (VE) | (1) 300 mg/kg
(2) 500 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL | | Hong et al. 2013 [47] | db/db mice | M | 8 | 25-26 | 10 | RG (WE) | (1) 100 mg/kg
(2) 200 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL | | Jung et al. 2014 [48] | SD rat
with HFD | M | 3 | 78–110 | 10 | (1) WG (PE)
(2) WG (WE) | (1) 1500 mg/kg
(2) 1500 mg/kg | 14 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Jung et al. 2015 [49] | SD rat
with HFD | M | Unknown | 80–110 | 8 | RG (PE) | 1500 mg/kg | 14 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Kho et al. 2016 [50] | SD rat
with HFD | M | 7 | 270–280 | 10 | (1) FRG (WE)
(2) RG (WE) | (1) 250 mg/kg
(2) 250 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Kim et al. 2013 [51] | ICR mice
with HFD | F | 6 | 80–110 | 10 | (1)~(3) FRG (WE)
(4) RG (WE) | (1) 125 mg/kg
(2) 250 mg/kg
(3) 500 mg/kg
(4) 250 mg/kg | 12 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Lee et al. 2014 [52] | Aged SD rat with HFD | M | 8 | 200–250 | 8 | RG (WE) | 200 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Lee et al. 2013 [53] | C57BL/6N mice with HFD | M | 6 | 12 | 8 | BG (EE) | (1) 1%
(2) 3%
(3) 5% | 12 | BW, HDL, TC, TG | | Lee et al. 2010 [54] | ICR mice
with HFD | F | 4 | 23-24 | 8 | WG (EE) | (1) 0.8%
(2) 1.6% | 8 | BW, HDL, TC, TG | | Lim et al. 2009 [55] | OLETF rat | M | 5 | 78–110 | 8 | GS (VE) | (1) 300 mg/kg(/day)
(2) 500 mg/kg(/day) | 8 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | de Miranda- Henriques et al. 2014 [56] | Wistar rat
with HFD | Unknown | 8 | 200–250 | 10 | WG (unknown) | 100 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Park et al. 2005 [57] | db/db mice | M | 4 | 20–30 | 10 | RG (P) | 0.5% | 12 | BW, TG | | Song et al. 2012 [23] | C57BL/6J mice with HFD | M | 4 | 200–250 | 10 | RG (EE) | (1) 500 mg/kg
(2) 1000 mg/kg
(3) 3000 mg/kg | 13 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Yun et al. 2004 [58] | ICR mice
with HFD | M | 5 | approx. 25 | 8 | WG (EE) | (1) 250 mg/kg
(2) 500 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG | | Yun et al. 2007 [59] | ICR mice with HFD | M | 5 | 18–20 | 8 | (1) GS (VE)
(2) WG (EE) | (1) 500 mg/kg
(2) 500 mg/kg | 8 | BW, HDL, LDL, TC, TG |
|
|
FRG: fermented red ginseng, RG: red ginseng, BG: black ginseng, GS: ginsam (vinegar extracted ginseng), WG: white ginseng, EE: ethanol extracted, WE: water extracted, PE: high pressure extracted, P: powdered, VE: vinegar extracted, AG4: 4-year-old fresh ginseng, AG5: 5-year-old fresh ginseng BW: body weight, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, LDL: low-density lipoprotein, : number, and db/db mice: the leptin receptor-deficient mouse. mouse, the “diabetic” mouse, ICR mice: Institute for Cancer Research mice, OLEFT rat: Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rat, SD rats: Sprague-Dawley rats, HFD: high-fat diet, TC: total cholesterol, and TG: triacylglycerol. |
