Efficacy of Acupuncture for Treating Opioid Use Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

Summary of findings: acupuncture versus medication.

Outcomes	Number of RCTs	Number of Participants	Relative effect (95 CI)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)
Craving for opioid	1	220	MD -0.01 (-0.20 to 0.18)	⊕⊕⊕⊝; moderate
Anxiety	1	220	MD -0.06 (-0.24 to 0.12)	⊕⊕⊕⊝; moderate
Retention of treatment	2	291	RR 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07)	⊕⊕⊕⊝; moderate

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.
High quality: further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: we are very uncertain about the estimate.