In Vitro and In Vivo Immunomodulator Activities of Allium sativum L.

Table 2

Garlic effects on cytokine expression and production.

Garlic products	The biological effect on cytokine expression and production	Authors
Allicin	Inhibiting Th1 proinflammatory cytokines	[48]
	An inhibitory effect on NF-κB activation	[55, 56]
	A negative effect on human T cell migration	[57]
Garlic oil gavage	In rats: At low doses, enhancement of T cell response towards the Th1 type; At high doses, it triggered the Th2 type	[49]
Oral garlic consumption	Favoring a Th2 response via inducing an increased IL-4 production in spleen lymphocytes of the treated rats	[50]
Aged garlic extract	Alteration in normal cytokine production to a Th1 response in mice; IL-10 upregulation in peripheral blood monocytes	[51]
	Decreasing IL-12 production	[48, 53]
Garlic extracts	Increasing production of IFN-γ and IL-4 and reducing IL-2 production in Peyer’s patches of mice intestine	[52]
	Inhibition of IL-17 expression in treated human PBMCs	[44]
Garlic powder extracts	Reducing proinflammatory cytokine like IL-1β and TNF-α, without changing IL-10 level human whole blood	[54]