Syzygium jambos Displayed Antibacterial and Antibiotic-Modulating Activities against Resistant Phenotypes

Table 4

Preliminary antibiotic resistance modulatory activity of extracts at subinhibitory concentrations against S. aureus ST88 and P. aeruginosa PA124 strains.

Plant; extracts and; bacterial strains	Extract; concentrations	Antibiotics, minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/mL), and fold increase (in brackets)
		CHL	TET	CIP	AMP	CEF	ERY	STR	KAN
S. aureus SA88	0	256	-	2	-	-	32	8	4
Leaves	CMI/2	64 (4)	32 (>4)	1 (2)	16 (>16)	8 (>32)	16 (2)	4 (2)	4 (1)
	CMI/4	128 (2)	32 (>4)	1 (2)	256 (>2)	32 (>8)	64 (0.5)	4 (2)	4 (1)
	CMI/8	128 (2)	-	1 (2)	256 (>2)	-	64 (0.5)	4 (2)	4 (1)
	CMI/16	128 (2)	-	1 (2)	-	-	64 (0.5)	4 (2)	4 (1)
Bark	CMI/2	32 (8)	64 (>2)	≤0.5 (≥4)	-	-	4 (8)	≤2 (≥4)	4 (1)
	CMI/4	32 (8)	64 (>2)	≤0.5 (≥4)	-	-	4 (8)	≤2 (≥4)	4 (1)
	CMI/8	128 (2)	-	1 (2)	-	-	32 (1)	8 (1)	4 (1)
	CMI/16	128 (2)	-	2 (1)	-	-	32 (1)	16 (0.5)	4 (1)
P. aeruginosa PA124	0	32	16	16	-	-	32	64	64
Leaves	CMI/2	2 (16)	1 (16)	4 (4)	-	-	8 (4)	16 (4)	32 (2)
	CMI/4	4 (8)	1 (16)	4 (2)	-	-	32 (1)	32 (2)	32 (2)
	CMI/8	4 (8)	4 (4)	4 (2)	-	-	32 (1)	32 (2)	32 (2)
	CMI/16	4 (8)	4 (4)	16 (1)	-	-	32 (1)	32 (2)	32 (2)
Bark	CMI/2	32 (1)	8 (2)	4 (4)	-	-	16 (2)	64 (1)	16 (4)
	CMI/4	32 (1)	16 (1)	4 (4)	-	-	16 (2)	64 (1)	32 (2)
	CMI/8	32 (1)	16 (1)	4 (4)	-	-	16 (1)	64 (1)	64 (1)
	CMI/16	32 (1)	16 (1)	4 (4)	-	-	16 (1)	64 (1)	64 (1)

AMP: ampicillin, CEF: cefepime, CIP: ciprofloxacin, Ery: erythromycin, KAN: kanamycin; STR: streptomycin, TET: tetracycline; (-): >256 μg/mL; fold increase in bold: significant effect.