|
| Author (year) | Study design | Model | Sample size | Outcome measure | Intervention group | Control group | Results |
|
Hai-peng H
(2016) | In vivo | Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis model | 70 (Normal 10 + MG 20 + Acupuncture 20 + Drug 20) | (1) Immunoreactivity for AchR | A: AT
(LI10, ST36, BL20, BL23, 30 min, once a day, 7 days) | B: MG w/o treatment
C: Medicine | (1) Immunoreactivity for AchR at NMJ: AT > drug (p<0.01) |
|
Wu H
(2013) | In vivo | Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis model | 60 (MG 20 + prednisone 20 + Sijunzi decoction 20) | (1) NMJ ultrastructure
(2) Muscle cell mitochondria
(3) ATP
(4) Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes | A: Sizunzi decoction
(1 mg/kg, once a day, for 14 days) | B: Prednisone | (1) NMJ ultrastructure: control & prednisone (sparse, diffluent, absent) Sizunzi decoction (close to normal)
(2) Gastrocnemius muscle mitochondrial count: Sizunzi decoction > prednisone > model (p<0.01)
(3)-(4) Activities of gastrocnemius muscle mitochondrial respiratory chain: Sizunzi decoction > prednisone (Complexes I, III) (p<0.05) |
|
Mudan C
(2015) | In vivo | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model | 60 (Normal 15 + ALS saline 15 + ALS BV 15 + ALS BV ST36 15) | (1) Footprint test
(2) Motor Neuron cell death
(3) TLR-4 & CD14 & TNF-α | A: BV
(0.1μg/g, ST36 or intraperitoneal, twice a week, 4 times) | B: Saline
C: Riluzole | (1) Motor activity (Footprint test): BV ST36 > BV intraperitoneal > Saline (p<0.05)
(2) Quantification of motor neurons in L4-5: BV ST36 > BV intraperitoneal > Saline (p<0.05)
(3) TLR4 signaling related inflammatory protein, CD14, TNF-alpha↓ (p<0.05) |
|
EJ Yang
(2010) | In vivo | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model | 45 (Saline 15 + BV 15 + Riluzole 15) | (1) Rotarod test
(2) TNF-alpha expression
(3) ERK 1/2 signaling, p-Akt | A: BV
(0.1 μg/g, ST36, twice a week, 4 times) | B: Saline
C: Riluzole | (1) Motor activity (Rotarod test): BV > Riluzole > Saline (p<0.005)
(2) TNF-alpha reduction: BV > Riluzole (p<0.001)
(3) ERK1/2 signaling, p-Akt ↑ |
|
EJ Yang
(2010) | In vivo | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model | 28 (EAT 15 + Control 13) | (1) Rotarod test
(2) Iba1, MAP2 protein, Neu N positive cells
(3) TNF-alpha expression | A: EAT
(1 mA, 2 Hz, 30 min, ST36, every two days, 28 days) | B: ALS w/o treatment | (1) Motor activity (Rotarod test): EAT > Control (p<0.001)
(2) Iba-1 reduction & Neu N positive cells: EAT > Control (p<0.005)
(3) TNF-alpha inhibition: EAT > Control (p<0.001) |
|
Michiko S
(2015) | In vivo | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis model | 60 (Model 15 + WPT100 15 + WPT200 15 + Riluzole 15) | (1) Rotarod test, wire hang test, grip strength test
(2) Disease onset time
(3) Number of motor neurons
(4) Astrocytic & microglial cell activation | A: Wen-Pi-Tang
(100 & 200 mg/kg, once a day, 14 days) | B: ALS w/o treatment
C: Riluzole | (1) Motor function test: test - WPT200 > WPT100 > Riluzole after 10 wks (p<0.05)
(2) Disease onset delay: WPT200 > Riluzole (p<0.01)
(3) Number of motor neurons: WPT200 > WPT100 > Riluzole (p<0.05)
(4) GFAP: WPT200 > Riluzole > WPT100 (p<0.05)
CD11b-positive microglial cells: WPT200 > Riluzole (p<0.01) |
|
Akbar K
(2012) | In vivo | Multiple sclerosis model | 30 (Saline 10 + BV 2mg 10 +BV 5mg 10) | (1) Rotarod test
(2) Demyelination of CNS | A: BV
(2 & 5 mg/kg,
intraperitoneal, once a day, 20 days) | B: Saline | (1) Motor activity (Rotarod test): BV 5 mg, BV 2 mg > Saline (p<0.005)
(2) Decreased demyelination of the CNS: BV 5 mg > BV 2 mg > Saline (p<0.005)
(3) TNF-alpha reduction: BV 5 mg > BV 2 mg > Saline (p<0.005) |
|
JH Choi
(2015) | In vivo | Multiple sclerosis model | 30 (Normal 10 + Control 10 + EAE & HBPDS 10) | (1) Behavioral score
(2) Neurological impairment reduction (3) Demyelination
(4) TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MIP-1alpha, IL-6, RANTES, GAPDH, | A:Hyungbangpaedok-san
(10-30 mg/kg, once a day, 21 days) | B: Multiple sclerosis w/o treatment | (1) Behavioral score: EAE + HBPDS30 > EAE (p<0.001) (2)-(3). Neurological impairment reduction & demyelination: EAE + HBPDS30 > EAE + HBPDS20 > EAE (p<0.001) (4) TNF-alpha ↓, IL-1beta ↓, MIP-1alpha ↓, IL-6 ↓, RANTES ↓, GAPDH ↓ (p<0.001) |
|
Wang HF
(2008) | In vivo | Guillain-Barre syndrome model | 40 (model 20 + EAT 20 + immunoglobulin inj. 20) | (1) Sciatic nerve MCV
(2) Abnormal F wave
(3) Motor function test | A: EAT
(1 mA, 5 Hz, LV3 LU9 SP3 KI3 HT7, 30 min, once a day, 14 days) | B: GB w/o treatment
C: Immunoglobulin | (1) Sciatic nerve MCV: EAT > immunoglobulin > model (p<0.01)
(2) F wave abnormal cases ↓
(3) BBB locomotor rating scale: EAT > immunoglobulin > model (p<0.01) |
|
Chen SS
(2001) | In vivo | Duchenne muscular dystrophy model | 40 (Control 20 + Herbal medicine 20) | (1) Rotarod test
(2) BBB locomotor rating scale & locomotor activity
(3) Electrophysiological state | A: Liu-Wei-Di-Huang -Wan and San-Lin-Pai-Tsu-San 100 mg/kg, once a day, 90 days | B: DMD w/o treatment | (1), (2) Rotarod test / BBB locomotor rating scale: Herbal medicine group > Control, horizontal activity, total distance, vertical movement ↑ (p<0.001)
(3) EMG: amplitude↑, duration↑ |
|
Chu X
(2008) | In vivo | Polymyositis model | 40 (Control 20 + Herbal medicine 20) | (1) MyoD, Myogenin, MHC (myosin heavy chain)
(2) Akt / mTOR
(3) TNF-alpha activation | A: Radix Bupleuri & Ramulus Cinnamomi (100 mg/kg, once a day, 14 days) | B: Polymyositis w/o treatment | (1) MyoD, Myogenin, MHC: Herbal medicine > Control (p<0.05)
(2) Akt / mTOR activation↑
(3) TNF-alpha reduction ↑ |
|
