Risk Factors Associated with Poor Physical Fitness in Three- to Six-Year-Old Children in Tujia-Nationality Settlement of China

Table 1

Factors associated with the children’s physical fitness.

Variable/Category		Physical fitness assessment score		Total	Χ^2	P
		Pass (%)	Fail (%)
Testing time (yr)	2005	445(78.3)	123(21.7)	56	24.453	0.001
	2010	540(70.9)	222(29.1)	76
	2014	648(81.2)	150(18.8)	798
Nationality	Han	733 (74.1)	256 (25.9)	989	7.124	0.009
	Tujia	900 (79.0)	239 (21.0)	1139
Sex	Boys	827 (77.3)	243 (22.7)	1070	0.366	0.573
	Girls	806 (76.2)	252 (23.8)	1058
Urban-rural	Urban	821 (76.6)	251 (23.4)	1072	0.028	0.878
	Rural	812 (76.9)	244 (23.1)	1056
Age (yr)	3	351 (67.8)	167 (32.2)	51	32.072	0.001
	4	467 (78.2)	130 (21.8)	597
	5	458 (80.1)	114 (19.9)	572
	6	357 (81.0)	84 (19.0)	441
Gestational age	Premature	73 (74.5)	25 (25.5)	98	2.210	0.331
	Full-term birth	1490 (76.6)	456 (23.4)	1946
	Post-term birth	69 (83.1)	14 (16.9)	83
Postnatal feeding	Breast feeding	1079 (75.8)	344 (24.2)	1423	1.959	0.375
	Milk	231 (78.6)	63 (21.4)	294
	Mixed feeding	322 (78.5)	88 (21.5)	410
Activity time per day in kindergarten	0.5 hs	195 (67.7)	93 (32.3)	28	18.052	0.001
	0.5~1 hs	186 (70.7)	77 (29.3)	26
	1.0~2.0 hs	653 (77.9)	185 (22.1)	838
	>2.0	595 (81.0)	140 (19.0)	631
Child’s BM	Under weight	211 (65.5)	111 (34.5)	32	28.058	0.001
	Normal weight	1178 (79.3)	308 (20.7)	1486
	Over weight	243 (76.4)	58 (23.6)	318

= body mass index; , the significant difference between 2005 and 2010, the significant difference of age between 3 and 4 years old, the significant difference of activity time per day in kindergarten between ≤0.5 hs and 1~2 hs, and the significant difference of child’s BMI between underweight and normal weight; #, the significant difference of testing time between 2010 and 2014, the significant difference of age between 3 and 5 years old, the significant difference of activity time per day in kindergarten between 0.5 hs and >2.0 hs, and the significant difference of child’s BMI between underweight and overweight; +, the significant difference of age between 3 and 6 years old and the significant difference of activity time per day in kindergarten between 0.5~1 hs and 1~2 hs; &, the significant difference of activity time per day in kindergarten between 0.5~1 hs and >2.0 hs and the significant difference of child’s BMI between underweight and normal weight. All the categorized variables were made by using Chi-square test.