<i>Piper retrofractum</i> Vahl. Extract, as a PPAR<i>δ</i> and AMPK Activator, Suppresses UVB-Induced Photoaging through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and MMPs Inhibition in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice

<div>The effect of PRE on skin physiology. (a) The replica of the mice dorsal skin was analyzed. (b) Collagen fiber in the skin was observed by staining with Masson’s trichrome stain. Hydroxyproline content in skin sample was estimated by a hydroxyproline kit. (c) Skin erythema value was investigated by Mexameter. (d) Skinfold thickness in the skin was observed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Skinfold thickness was measured with a caliper. 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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig4

Figure 4

Figure 4: <i>Piper retrofractum</i> Vahl. Extract, as a PPAR<i>δ</i> and AMPK Activator, Suppresses UVB-Induced Photoaging through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and MMPs Inhibition in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice 

Figure 4 | Piper retrofractum Vahl. Extract, as a PPARδ and AMPK Activator, Suppresses UVB-Induced Photoaging through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and MMPs Inhibition in Human Dermal Fibroblasts and Hairless Mice 