Optimization of Bioactive Ingredient Extraction from Chinese Herbal Medicine<i> Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>: A Comparative Study of Three Optimization Models

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:10.05em"/><col style="width:12.86em"/><col style="width:11.89em"/><col style="width:7.59em"/><col style="width:8.33em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Optimization <br/>method</td><td class="align_center">Ammonia <br/>concentration <br/>(%)</td><td class="align_center">Ethanol <br/>concentration <br/>(%)</td><td class="align_center">Return <br/>time <br/><svg height="11.5564pt" id="M330" style="vertical-align:-2.26807pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 16.0974 11.5564" width="16.0974pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" id="g113-41"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><path d="M513 0V26C455 31 447 37 447 103V278C447 398 390 449 309 449C255 449 202 412 166 376V712C127 700 67 684 19 677V653C85 647 87 643 87 580V103C87 37 79 31 19 26L18 0H231V26C171 32 166 39 166 103V341C194 373 232 392 270 392C337 392 368 351 368 269V103C368 38 360 32 302 26V0H513Z" id="g121-102"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.44,0)"><path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">Liquid-solid <br/>ratio</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">RSM</td><td class="align_center">0.72</td><td class="align_center">0</td><td class="align_center">2</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 14.0226ptpx;"><svg height="8.69875pt" id="M331" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 14.0226 8.69875" width="14.0226pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z" id="g117-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.631,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" id="g113-51"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">BPNN</td><td class="align_center">1.54</td><td class="align_center">1.09</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 29.5245ptpx;"><svg height="8.69875pt" id="M332" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 29.5245 8.69875" width="29.5245pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z" id="g117-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.631,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.871,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.835,0)"><path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" id="g113-51"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.075,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z" id="g113-52"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">1.38</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">GA-BPNN</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 29.5245ptpx;"><svg height="8.69875pt" id="M333" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 29.5245 8.69875" width="29.5245pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z" id="g117-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.631,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.871,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.835,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.075,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 29.5245ptpx;"><svg height="8.69875pt" id="M334" style="vertical-align:-0.3499298pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 29.5245 8.69875" width="29.5245pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H52V230H535Z" id="g117-33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.631,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.871,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.835,0)"><path d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z" id="g113-52"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.075,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">2</td><td class="align_center">0.13</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Optimized conditions in the coded form obtained by three different optimization models.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Table 4

Table 4: Optimization of Bioactive Ingredient Extraction from Chinese Herbal Medicine<i> Glycyrrhiza glabra</i>: A Comparative Study of Three Optimization Models 

Table 4 | Optimization of Bioactive Ingredient Extraction from Chinese Herbal Medicine Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Comparative Study of Three Optimization Models 