Genotoxic and Chemopreventive Effects of Vochysia divergens Leaves (Pantanal, Brazil)

Table 1

Mean micronucleus frequency (MN), nuclear division index (NDI), and cytotoxicity index (CI) obtained for V79 cells treated with VdE and its component, 3′5 DL, alone and combined with MMS.

Treatment; (g/mL)	MN frequency	NDI	CI ()
Negative control	7.33 ± 1.53	1.73 ± 0.05	-
DMSO	10.33 ± 3.06	1.71 ± 0.03	2.73
MMS	44.33 ± 2.51	1.68 ± 0.01	11.68
DMSO + MMS	41.33 ± 4.04	1.79 ± 0.03	ND
VdE
20	8.67 ± 1.15	1.73± 0.08	0.0
40	10.67 ± 1.53	1.74 ± 0.01	ND
80	11.67 ± 1.53	1.75 ± 0.08	ND
160	17.33 ± 1.15	1.68 ± 0.03	6.84
320	19.67 ± 2.08	1.47 ± 0.11	35.61
20 + MMS	19.00 ± 3.00	1.82 ± 0.07	ND
40 + MMS	23.33 ± 3.51	1.85 ± 0.09	ND
80 + MMS	25.66 ± 3.21	1.79 ± 0.17	ND
3′5 DL
0.616	10.66 ± 2.08	1.71 ± 0.05	7.79
0.154 + MMS	50.00 ± 8.64	1.76 ± 0.01	1.29
0.308 + MMS	53.00 ± 6.58	1.67 ± 0.09	12.98
0.616 + MMS	38.66 ± 2.51	1.57 ± 0.14	25.90

VdE: ethanolic extract of Vochysia divergens leaves; 3′5 DL: 3′,5-dimethoxy-luteolin-7-O-β-glucopyranoside; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide (5%); MMS: methyl methanesulfonate (44 μg/mL): ND: not determined. The NDI of the treated group is higher than the NDI of the negative control group. The concentrations of 3′5 DL used were established based on the tested concentrations of VdE (20, 40, and 80 μg/mL), corresponding to the proportion of the compound in the extract, which is 0.77%. Values are the mean ± standard deviation. A total of 3,000 binucleated cells were analyzed per treatment group. A total of 1,500 cells were analyzed per treatment group. Significantly different from the negative control group (P < 0.05). Significantly different from the MMS group (P < 0.05).