Major Depression in Chinese Medicine Outpatients with Stagnation Syndrome: Prevalence and the Impairments in Well-Being
Table 4
BMSWI mean scores of depressed stagnation patients, nondepressed stagnation patients, total stagnation patient sample, and general population and the effect sizes of their between-group difference.
BMSWI subscale
Mean (SD)
Cohen’s d1
Stagnation depressed (n = 31)
Stagnation non-depressed (n = 86)
Stagnation total (n = 110)
General population2 (n = 816)
Stagnation depressed vs. general population
Stagnation total vs. general population
Physical Distress
73.2(27.9)
51.7(24.4)
57.4(27.0)
29.7(22.0)
1.7
1.1
Daily Functioning
36.2(9.7)
50.8(12.0)
46.9(13.1)
59.2(16.1)
-1.7
-0.8
Affect total
73.3(26.5)
104.6(24.1)
96.2(28.3)
110.7(32.3)
-1.2
-0.5
Positive Affect
28.8(15.7)
38.8(11.4)
36.2(13.4)
42.3(14.9)
0.9
0.4
Negative Affect
65.6(18.7)
44.3(18.0)
50.0(20.4)
40.7(22.1)
1.2
0.4
Spirituality
61.5(22.5)
76.7(17.9)
72.7(20.3)
85.4(22.8)
-1.1
0.6
Tranquility
21.0(11.5)
25.9(8.2)
24.6(9.4)
28.6(10.7)
0.7
0.4
Disorientation
27.7(11.2)
16.4(9.5)
19.4 (11.1)
14.5(11.0)
1.2
0.4
Resilience
17.8(7.2)
17.3(6.3)
17.5(6.6)
21.5(5.9)
-0.6
0.6
BMSWI total
252.3(52.2)
324.6 (59.2)
298.2(66.5)
360.9(79.9)
-1.6
0.9
Note: 1Cohen’s d with values of 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 suggest small, medium, and large effect sizes respectively; 2subjects were Chinese adults in the community of Hong Kong.
