Electroacupuncture for Postoperative Urinary Retention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Level of evidence.

Variable	Effect(OR/MD)	95%CI	P	I2(%)	P(X2 test)	Statistical Method	Studies (N)	Sample size (N)	Level of evidence
Therapeutic effect (<=1w)	4.21	3.04, 5.83	<0.00001	33	0.09	Fixed effects models	16	1382	Very low
Therapeutic effect (>1w)	8.39	2.91, 24.25	<0.0001	61	0.02	Random effects models	7	565	Very low
EA versus medication	36.19	1.78, 734.32	0.02	83	0.003	Random effects models	3	187	Very low
EA versus physiotherapy	4.39	2.04, 9.42	0.0002	0	0.71	Random effects models	4	378	Low
Residual urine volume (<=1w)	-13.24	-13.70, -10.78	<0.00001	43	0.12	Fixed effects models	6	555	Low
Residual urine volume (>1w)	-2.02	-3.07, -0.98	0.0001	95	<0.00001	Random effects models	6	471	Very low
First urinating time	-0.92	-1.37, -0.46	<0.0001	79	0.0009	Random effects models	5	418	Very low
Minute	-1.24	-1.55, -0.93	<0.00001	35	0.22	Random effects models	3	197	Low
Hour	-0.36	-0.67, -0.04	0.03	—	—	Random effects models	1	154	Moderate
Day	-0.66	-1.15, -0.16	0.009	—	—	Random effects models	1	67	Very low
Bladder capacity (<=1w)	0.56	0.30, 0.83	<0.0001	0	0.63	Fixed effects models	2	230	Low
Bladder capacity (>1w)	0.92	0.61, 1.23	<0.00001	35	0.22	Fixed effects models	2	180	Low
Urinary flow rate (<=1w)	0.91	0.64, 1.18	<0.00001	4	0.31	Fixed effects models	2	230	Low
Urinary flow rate (>1w)	1.69	0.59, 2.79	0.003	88	0.0003	Random effects models	3	200	Very low
EA versus medication	2.65	1.95, 3.36	<0.00001	—	—	Random effects models	1	60	Very low
EA versus physiotherapy	1.06	0.70, 1.42	<0.00001	0	0.4	Random effects models	2	140	Very low