Using Phytochemicals to Investigate the Activation of Nicotine Detoxification via Upregulation of CYP2A6 in Animal Models Exposed Tobacco Smoke Condensate by Intratracheal Instillation

Table 1

Histopathologic examination in liver and lung from SD rats. The number indicates the severity of the lesion, ranging from 1 to 5, with 5 being the highest (1=slight, 2=mild). ‘P’ indicates a very slight lesion that has been observed but can occur naturally. SSCR, standardized smilax china L. root extracts; ITI, intratracheal instillation; SD, Sprague-Dawley strain; asterisk sign mean death.

		Saline						Nicotine ITI (0.2 mg/kg body weight)
H&E = Hematocylin & Eosin staining		Control						Nicotine-only						SSCR oral gavage (mg/kg body weight)
														1						10						100
		1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30
H&E	Lung
	Infiltration, mixed cells, alveolus, focal	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Subacute inflammation, alveolus, focal	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-		-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Hemorrhage, focal	-	P	-	-	-	-	-	-	-		-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Infiltration, eosinophils, perivascular, focal	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-	-		-	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-
	Osseous metaplasia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-		P	-	-		-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
	Liver
	Infiltration, mononuclear cells, focal		-	-	-	-	1	-	-	-		-	1	1		-	-	1	-	1	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1