Effects of Mantra Meditation versus Music Listening on Knee Pain, Function, and Related Outcomes in Older Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis: An Exploratory Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT)
Table 3
Change over time in knee pain, function, perceived stress, sleep, mood, and related outcomes in older adults with knee osteoarthritis assigned to a mantra meditation or music listening program.
Mantra Meditation
Music Listening
Change at 2 months
Change at 2 months
(Mean ± SE)
ES
(Mean ± SE)
ES
Knee Pain-Related (Core) Outcomes
KOOS
Total (WOMAC
-38.00 (12.27)
0.015
2.2
-19.00 (8.82)
0.06
0.5
0.07
Pain
-13.33 (4.45)
0.02
0.7
-9.36 (3.77)
0.03
0.7
0.16
WOMAC pain
-8.00 (2.74)
0.02
2.3
-4.82 (2.47)
0.08
0.5
0.26
Symptoms
-5.22 (2.67)
0.08
0.7
-2.55 (1.98)
0.23
0.3
0.42
Stiffness (WOMAC)
-2.00 (1.35)
0.18
0.4
-1.91 (0.78)
0.03
0.5
0.95
Function (ADL)
-28.00 (8.91)
0.02
0.8
-12.27 (6.67)
0.10
0.4
0.45
Sports/Recreation
-17.00 (7.06)
0.04
0.9
-2.91 (4.96)
0.57
0.2
0.09
Knee-related Quality of Life
-8.67 (3.19)
0.03
0.8
-1.91 (1.52)
0.24
0.2
0.06
Numeric Rating Scale
Knee pain now
-1.63 (0.50)
0.01
1.0
-1.73 (0.66)
0.03
0.8
0.58
Average knee pain
-2.13 (0.79)
0.03
1.6
-1.45 (0.47)
0.01
0.8
0.90
Worst knee pain
-1.38 (0.53)
0.04
0.7
-1.18 (0.50)
0.12
0.6
0.94
Least knee pain
-1.63 (0.42)
0.01
1.3
-1.64 (0.66)
0.03
0.6
0.65
Patient Global Assessment
-2.00 (0.87)
0.025
1.0
-1.18 (0.50)
0.04
0.7
0.19
Secondary Outcomes
Stress, mood, well-being and sleep quality
Perceived Stress Scale
-4.78 (2.00)
0.04
0.7
-3.45 (1.08)
0.01
0.4
0.56
Profile of Mood States (total score)
-34.11 (9.64)
0.008
1.5
-10.91 (5.19)
0.06
0.2
0.04
Psychological Well-being Scale
4.00 (3.09)
0.23
0.4
2.45 (2.44)
0.34
0.2
0.74
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (total score)
-2.38 (0.80)
0.02
0.7
-0.36 (0.49)
0.48
0.1
0.04
Health related Quality of Life (SF-36)
Mental Health Component
17.96 (5.61)
0.01
0.9
5.30 (3.63)
0.18
0.2
0.07
Physical Health Component
20.69 (5.11)
0.004
1.0
11.59 (3.76)
0.01
0.5
0.16
Potential Mediators
Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-6 (total)
-4.22 (1.53)
0.03
1.1
-1.45 (0.65)
0.05
0.7
0.09
Pain Catastrophizing Scale Total
-4.78 (2.48)
0.09
0.5
-7.64 (2.24)
0.007
0.7
0.25
measures ANOVA (RM) Between group difference at 2 months, adjusted for age. as the sum of the WOMAC Pain, Stiffness, and Function subscale scores. Abbreviations: ES= effect size; KOOS=Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; SE=standard error.
