Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Leaf Water Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells via ERK1/2/Akt1/JNK1 Signaling Pathways

Figure 4

Cell cycle phase distribution of (a) untreated HepG2 cells and Manilkara zapota leaf water extract and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) treated HepG2 cells for (b) 24 h, (c) 48 h, and (d) 72 h, analyzed using flow cytometry. Values are reported as mean ± SD (n = 3). Value with different superscript letter indicates significant difference between groups by Tukey’s test (). (b) A significant increase in the percentage of cells at G₂/M phase was noted at 24, 48, and 96 μg/mL of Manilkara zapota leaf water extract after 24 h (P < 0.05). (c) Treatment with Manilkara zapota leaf water extract at 24, 48, and 96 μg/mL for 48 h significantly increased the population of cells at G₂/M phase compared to the control (P < 0.05). (d) Treatment with Manilkara zapota leaf water extract at 48 and 96 μg/mL significantly increased the population of cells at G₀/G₁ phase as compared to the control (P < 0.05) with a concomitant decrease of the S phase at 72 h.

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