Research Article
Honey Antibacterial Effect Boosting Using Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil
Table 1
Honey samples purchase information and physicochemical characterization.
| | Sample code | Local appellation | Scientific name of the plant | Region name | pH | Free acidity
(mEq/kg) | Electrical conductivity (μS/cm) | Moisture (%) | Ash (%) | Color (A560–A720) | Melanoidin (A450–A720) | Pfund scale (mm) | Honey color |
| | H1 | Morar | Centaurea dumulosa | Al-Khalīl | 4.32 ± 0.01 | 21.00 ± 1.00 | 573.67 ± 5.03 | 15 ± 0.1 | 0.320 ± 0.003 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 42.94 ± 1.22 | Light extra amber | | H2 | Morar akhdar | Echinops spinosissimus | Al-Khalīl | 3.71 ± 0.01 | 30.17 ± 2.08 | 415.00 ± 5.57 | 17 ± 0.1 | 0.080 ± 0.00 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.93 ± 0.02 | 35.08 ± 2.29 | Light extra amber | | H3 | Zohif | Thymus capitatus | Al-Khalīl | 4.09 ± 0.01 | 27.00 ± 1.32 | 554.00 ± 2.65 | 16.75 ± 0.00 | 0.109 ± 0.006 | 0.19 ± 0.01 | 0.65 ± 0.02 | 50.97 ± 0.86 | Light amber | | H4 | Rabat | Conyza bonariensis | Ramallah | 3.66 ± 0.01 | 23.67 ± 1.89 | 273.00 ± 4.58 | 17.9 ± 0.05 | 0.093 ± 0.001 | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 10.53 ± 199 | Extra white | | H5 | Multiforal | Thymus capitatus
Origanum syriacum | Ramallah | 3.80 ± 0.02 | 30.25 ± 3.73 | 368.00 ± 1.73 | 17.3 ± 0.2 | 0.178 ± 0.006 | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.64 ± 0.05 | 51.73 ± 5.63 | Light amber | | H6 | Sader | Ziziphus spina-christi | Jericho | 4.48 ± 0.01 | 16.67 ± 1.04 | 688.67 ± 3.06 | 17.6 ± 0.2 | 0.222 ± 0.00 | 0.15 ± 0.01 | 0.55 ± 0.00 | 42.05 ± 1.10 | Light extra amber | | H7 | Zaitra | Thymus vulgaris L. | Timahdite | 3.90 ± 0.01 | 37.83 ± 2.25 | 449.00 ± 6.00 | 16.4 ± 0.1 | 0.235 ± 0.001 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 1.10 ± 0.02 | 132.07 ± 3.03 | Dark amber | | H8 | Limon | Citrus limon L | Khnichet | 4.03 ± 0.01 | 14.67 ± 2.08 | 181.13 ± 0.25 | 18.2 ± 0.1 | 0.183 ± 0.006 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 4.07 ± 3.38 | Water white | | H9 | Bochnikha | Ammi visnaga L. | Had Kourt | 4.03 ± 0.01 | 30.08 ± 2.01 | 425.67 ± 2.08 | 17.9 ± 0.00 | 0.187 ± 0.003 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | 1.43 ± 0.02 | 92.18 ± 1.79 | Amber | | H10 | Kabar | Capparis spinosa | Moulay Yacoub | 4.01 ± 0.01 | 29.33 ± 1.76 | 422.33 ± 2.52 | 17.9 ± 0.2 | 0.272 ± 0.00 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 1.49 ± 0.02 | 126.09 ± 3.68 | Dark amber | | H11 | Daghmos | Euphorbia L. | Lakhsas | 3.85 ± 0.01 | 34.17 ± 0.76 | 562.00 ± 2.65 | 21 ± 0.2 | 0.309 ± 0.001 | 0.38 ± 0.01 | 1.26 ± 0.02 | 161.99 ± 6.34 | Dark amber | | H12 | Arbousie | Arbutus unedo | Chefchaouen | 4.25 ± 0.01 | 36.33 ± 1.89 | 896.67 ± 8.50 | 21 ± 0.1 | 0.507 ± 0.003 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 1.16 ± 0.01 | 109.15 ± 2.14 | Amber |
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Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different ( ) by Tukey’s multiple range test. |
