The Effects of Fermented Laminaria japonica on Short-Term Working Memory and Physical Fitness in the Elderly

Table 3

Pre and posttest comparison results of neuropsychological and physical fitness assessment using t-test analysis, between FST group and placebo group.

		FST; (n=32)		Placebo; (n=28)		t	P
		M(SD)	Difference; M(SD)	M(SD)	Difference; M(SD)
K-MMSE	pre	26.31(1.78)	1.59(1.49)	26.35(2.79)	.39(1.85)	2.773	.007
	post	27.90(1.57)		26.75(3.52)
Numerical memory test	pre	7.78(.42)	.62(.90)	7.92(.85)	.10(.99)	2.110	.039
	post	8.40(.87)		8.03(1.23)
Raven’s test	pre	11.06(5.29)	2.37(3.63)	12.25(5.10)	−1.67(2.85)	4.754	.000
	post	13.43(6.17)		10.57(4.51)
Flanker test	pre	1785.95(385.77)	−549.18; (947.68)	1785.36(457.92)	−610.36; (950.78)	.247	.806
	post	1068.92(279.10)		1036.27(344.85)
Iconic memory test (pre)	pre	.45(.20)	.15(.23)	.48(.22)	.05(.22)	1.606	.114
	post	.61(.13)		.54(.17)
Iconic memory test (simultaneous)	pre	.22(.13)	.16(.12)	.25(.11)	.05(.10)	3.673	.001
	post	.39(.10)		.31(.14)
Iconic memory test (post)	pre	.15(.09)	.10(.11)	.18(.09)	.018(.12)	2.660	.010
	post	.26(.11)		.20(.10)
TMT	pre	66.99(29.94)	−5.39(15.48)	77.38(34.37)	−10.98(26.13)	1.024	.310
	post	61.60(20.43)		65.98(32.96)
6MW (1)	pre	4.81(.61)	−.32(.46)	4.64(.75)	.26(.40)	−5.232	.000
	post	4.48(.43)		4.90(.66)
6MW (2)	pre	4.65(.93)	−.11(.55)	4.53(.83)	.38(.57)	−3.382	.001
	post	4.54(.66)		4.91(.81)
TUG (1)	pre	6.96(.96)	−.14(1.35)	6.59(.90)	1.25(.75)	−4.861	.000
	post	6.82(.73)		7.84(1.27)
TUG (2)	pre	7.01(.99)	−.29(1.17)	6.60(.97)	1.45(1.31)	1.063	.292
	post	6.71(.70)		8.05(1.75)