Emblic Leafflower (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruits Ameliorate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction in Hyperglycemia: An Underlying Mechanism Involved in Ellagitannin Metabolite Urolithin A

<div><i>Urolithin A (UroA) related metabolites were converted from ellagitannins in emblic leafflower fruits in vivo</i>. The urine samples in hyperglycemic rats treated with high dose of ELF were collected before sacrifice and further analyzed by HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. The peaks involved in UroA (<svg height="11.439pt" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 22.2694 11.439" width="22.2694pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M766 88L752 113C719 83 690 64 681 64C674 64 672 74 679 103L724 292C758 436 724 448 701 448C680 448 666 442 639 429C594 407 514 350 441 252H439L447 289C476 423 450 448 419 448C398 448 379 441 355 427C307 400 234 344 162 249H160L180 324C203 409 197 448 170 448C144 448 82 413 23 349L35 321C57 343 96 374 108 374C115 374 117 371 111 341C87 227 57 112 24 -6L32 -12C53 -4 81 4 108 6C119 68 134 128 149 171C177 229 309 383 364 383C387 383 388 355 373 282C354 190 330 92 303 -6L309 -12C332 -4 356 3 386 6C396 63 411 122 424 171C458 236 590 383 642 383C658 383 664 369 652 315L603 91C587 20 593 -12 619 -12C642 -12 708 23 766 88Z" id="g113-110"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.257,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z" id="g113-48"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.618,0)"><path d="M475 445L452 468C423 436 401 426 385 426S352 427 305 436C268 443 216 448 185 448C156 448 128 425 102 382C89 360 77 338 64 304L89 291C117 340 143 380 190 380C214 380 268 376 295 373C320 370 344 371 362 374L70 101C32 65 23 36 23 18C23 5 27 -3 31 -8C36 -8 39 -6 42 -1C52 15 67 31 80 40S110 49 143 33C195 8 257 -20 290 -20C339 -20 382 11 439 129L416 148C366 74 334 55 305 55C278 55 236 68 203 81C169 94 141 100 122 96C205 170 348 308 411 376L475 445Z" id="g113-123"></path></g></svg> 227.0539[M-H]−) in extracted ion chromatogram (EIC) (a) were identified as UroA glucuronic acid (b), UroA-sulfate (b), and UroA (d), respectively.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Figure 3: Emblic Leafflower (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i> L.) Fruits Ameliorate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction in Hyperglycemia: An Underlying Mechanism Involved in Ellagitannin Metabolite Urolithin A 

Figure 3 | Emblic Leafflower (Phyllanthus emblica L.) Fruits Ameliorate Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction in Hyperglycemia: An Underlying Mechanism Involved in Ellagitannin Metabolite Urolithin A 