Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human Diseases in Berbere District, Bale Zone of Oromia Regional State, South East Ethiopia

Table 1

List of medicinal plants used for human Ailments (Ha: habit, S: shrub, C: climber, T: tree, E: epiphyte, and H: herb, A/O-Afaan Oromo).

V. No	Family	Scientific name	Vernacular name (A/O)	Ha.	Ailments	Part used	Mode of preparation	Dosage	Route of administration
TT 34	Acanthaceae	Barleria eranthemoides R. Br. ex C. B. Cl.	Shabi	H	Heart burn	Root	The roots crushed and mixed with water and then given	Length of finger	Oral
TT 5	Acanthaceae	Justicia schimperiana; T. Anderson	Dhumugaa	S	Bat urine	Leaves	The leaves are crushed; drink the juice and the residue put on the head for 7 days	5 leaves	Oral
TT 17	Aloaceae	Aloe sp.	Argiisa	S	Spleeno megally	Latex	The latex from leaf is taken with honey in the morning for 3 days	2-4 bottle stopper	Oral
TT 12	Anacardaceae	Schinus molle L.	Qundbarbare	T	Bile	Seeds	The seed powdered and boiled with tea then 1 cup is given for 3 mornings	3-5 seeds	Oral
					Spleeno megally	Leaves	The leaves are crushed and the filter is given for 5 days	5 leaflets
TT 56	Anacardiaceae	Rhus natalensis; (Bernh. ex Krauss) F. A. Barkley	Dabobessaa	S	Boils	Root	The root is crushed and ties on the infected area	1 local spoon	Dermal
TT 39	Apocynaceae	Carissa spinarum L.	Hagamsa	S	Wound	Root	Root bark is pounded & applied on wound for 3 days	Quarter of palm	Dermal
					Evil eye	Root	The smoke of pounded roots is inhaled	A palm of pounded root
TT 36	Asteraceae	Laggera crispata (Vahl) F.N. Hepper & J.R.I. Wood	Rashadii	H	Dizziness	Leaves	The crushed leaf is tie on the head for 3 days	5-8 leaves	Dermal
TT 30	Asteraceae	Xanthium strumarium L.	Katerokantro	H	Dandruff	Leaves	The powdered root is painted on the head	5 leaves /treatment	Dermal
TT 37	Asteraceae	Vernonia amygdalina Del.	Dhebicha	S	Intestinal worm	Leaves	Drinking the decocted leaves with 1 cup of coffee for elders and half for children	3 -7 leaves	Oral
					Headache	Leaves	Crushed leaves are put on head for 3 days	10 leaves	Dermal
TT 11	Bignoniaceae	Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.	Wolgabis	T	Kidney	Bark	Drunk the juice from crushed bark & residue of the bark is steam bathed	5 spoon of crushed bark	Oral
TT 55	Boraginaceae	Cordia africana Lam.	Waddeessa	T	Itching	Root	The roots are powdered then painted at bed time for 5 days	1 hand palm	Dermal
TT 16	Boraginaceae	Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forrsk	Maxxannee	H	Fibril illness	Leaves	Juice of the leaf is taken.	Half to 1 stick	Oral
					Boils	Leaves	Fresh leaf is ground and then tie on	5 leaves	Dermal
TT 25	Boraginaceae	Ehretia cymosa Thonn.	Ulaagaa	S	Bleeding	Leaves	The squeezed leaves put on the cut area	1-5 leaves	Dermal
					Fibril illness	Leaves	The fluids from the leaves are taken through nose	2 leaves	Oral
TT 21	Canellaceae	Warburgia ugandensis Sprague	Befit	T	Boils	Stem	Pounded stem is concocted with butter and put on the infected part	1 sticken	Dermal
					Cough	Stem	The smoke of vascular part is inhaled to relief from cough	2-3 sticken
TT 7	Capparidaceae	Capparis sepiaria L.	Gursama	S	Stomachache	Bark	The bark is pounded and drink with hot water.	3-5 spoon	Oral
TT 59	Capparidaceae	Capparis tomentosa Lam.	Lukkuu	S	Mental health problem	Root	The roots are powdered and then dry bathed for 3 days	1 palm of powdered root	Dermal
TT 18	Caricaceae	Carica papaya L.	Papaayee	S	Diarrhea	Seed	Seeds ground and boiled with coffee and taken with honey	15-20 seed	Oral
					Ascariasis
TT 20	Cuccurbitaceae	Cucurbita pepo L.	Dabaqulaa	H	Gastritis	Leaves	The leaf cooked with Brassica oleracea then eaten	2-3 leaves	Oral
TT 65	Ebenaceae	Euclea racemosa L.	Mi’eesaa	S	Evil spirit& evil eye	Root	Drinking the Crushed & decocted root and inhaling the smoke	1 tea spoon	Oral
					Heartburn	Root	The root crushed and mixed with water and drink 1 cup of glass	1 tea spoon
TT 31	Euphorbiaceae	Bridelia scleroneura; Mul.Arg.	Abayi	T	Scabies	Seed	The seeds are crushed and applied on the affected area	5-8 seed	Dermal
TT 29	Euphorbiaceae	Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Del.	Bakkanisa	T	Hemorrhoids	Bark	Bark is crushed and cooked with meat then soup is taken	2 spoon	Oral
					Gonorrhea	Root	The root is decocted, and the mixture is taken.	3-6 spoon
					Spleeno megally	Bark	Bark is crushed and mixed with water and then taken.	Quarter of palm
TT 28	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia sp.	Guurii	H	Eczema	Leaves	The crushed and dried leaves are mixed with citrus aurantifolia and applied on the infected area	2-7 leaves	Dermal
TT 19	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia heterophylla L.	Annoo	H	Wound	Leaves	Leaves crushed and put on the wound for 3 days	2 spoon	Dermal
TT 40	Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia hirta Millsp.	Qoricha aroo	H	Scabies	Root	The fresh root is crushed and painted on the body with butter for 5 mornings	1 stick of root	Dermal
TT 45	Euphorbiaceae	Jatropha curcas L.	Abatamuluk	S	Intestinal worm	Root	Root is crushed and drink with half cup of coffee	1 tea spoon	Oral
					Excess bile production	Seed	Powdered seed are eaten with honey	2 spoons
TT 4	Euphorbiaceae	Phyllanthus ovalifolius; A. Radcliffe-Smith	Gurbi adi	S	Scabies	Leaves	The leaves squeezed by hand and applied on the skin	5-17 leaves	Dermal
TT 69	Euphorbiaceae	Ricinus communis L.	Qobboo	S	Intestinal worm	Root and seed	Roots and seeds are crushed and drink with 1 cup of water	1-3 seeds and 2 sticken	Oral
TT 9	Euphorbiaceae	Tragia cordata Michx.	Lalesa	C	Urinary tract	Root	The dried roots crushed and boiled then drinks the decocted	Half to 1 full hand	Oral
					External parasite	Root	Powdered roots are applied to the affected cattle	5-9 local spoons	Dermal
TT 49	Fabaceae	Acacia mellifera detinens (Burch.) Brenan	Bilaal	S	Earache	Leaves	The leaf squeezed then droplet latex is applied to the ear	1 leaf	Auricular
					Eye disease	Leaves	The leaves are squeezed then the fluid is used as eye droplet	3-5 leaves	Opticular
TT 10	Fabaceae	Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.	Saphansa	T	Amebiasis	Latex from stem	Latex from the stem pounded and taken with honey	3 spoon	Oral
					Fire Wound	Latex	The powdered latex is applied on the wound	1-2 bean size solid latex	Dermal
TT 70	Fabaceae	Calpurnia aurea; (Ait.) Benth.	Ceeka	S	Snake bite	Leaves	The decocted leaves are taken with Honey	20 leaflets	Oral
					Amebiasis	Root	The dried roots are crushed and boiled with leaf of coffee then 1 cup is given early in the morning	Half palm of hand
TT 57	Fabaceae	Rhynchosia ferruginea A.Rich.	Udusalim baricha	S	Amebiasis	Root	The crushed roots are mixed with water and the mixture is taken	1-2 bottle stopper	Oral
TT 47	Fabaceae	Rhynchosia malacotricha Harms	Jidda dhiiga adii	S	Evil eye	Root	Dry bath of crushed root during bed time	1-3 spoon	Dermal
TT 13	Fabaceae	Tamarindus indica L.	Roka	T	Bile and intestinal worm	Fruit	The Fruit juice is taken with hot water in early morning before breakfast	Up to 10 fruits	Oral
TT 1	Iradiaceae	Gladiolus schweinfurthii (Baker) Goldblatt & M.P. de Vos	Mirge	H	Headache	Root	The pounded root is dry bathed for 1-3 days	1 tea spoon	Dermal
TT 60	Lamiaceae	Clerodendrum myricoides; (Hochst.) R.Br. ex Vatke	Tiro	S	Earache	Root	Powdering the root and put small amount in the ear for 1hr and then wash	Half tea spoon	Auricular
					Headache	Root	The crushed root is put on the head with butter for 2 days	1 palm	Dermal
TT 15	Lamiaceae	Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth.	Urgo haree/ Damakase	S	Fibril illness	Leaves	The fluid from the squeezed leaves are taken	1-3 leaves depending on the age	Oral
TT 53	Lamiaceae	Premna schimperi Engl.	Urgeessaa	S	Mastitis	Root	The powdered roots are mixed with butter then painted on the breast of cows	5 hand palms	Dermal
					Boils	Leaves	crushed & pounded leaves are tied on the infected body	3 spoons	Dermal
TT 66	Loranthaceae	Erianthemum dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) van Tiegh.	Mankero mi’esa	E	Hyper menorrhea	Leaves	The leaves are crushed, and the juice is taken after 3 days of blood flow	5 leaves	Oral
TT 51	Malvaceae	Sida rhombifolia L.	Gurbi	S	Epitaks/nose bleeding	Leaves	Leaf is squeezed and the liquid taken through the nose during bleeding	2 leaves	Nasal
TT 38	Menispermaceae	Stephania abyssinica (Dill. & A. Rich.) Walp.	Baltokkee	Cl	stomachache	Root	The root is chewed, and the juice is swallowed	forefinger size	Oral
TT 9	Moringaceae	Moringa stenopetala; (E. G. Baker) Cufod.	Shiferawu	T	Asthma	Root	The smoke of pounded root is inhaled at bed time for 3 days	Half palm	Oral
TT 62	Olacaceae	Ximenia americana L.	Hudhaa	S	Stomachache and tonsillitis	Root	The roots are crushed, pounded and then 1 cup is taken for 3 days	2 spoons	Oral
					Wound	Fruit	The oil from the fruit kernel is applied to flesh wounds to prevent infections	1 bottle stopper	Dermal
TT 42	Oleaceae	Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall.G.Don)Cif.	Ejersa	T	Bone TB	Root	The extracted oil from the roots put on the affected site	Half of tea spoon	Dermal
					Wound
TT 43	Plumbaginaceae	Plumbago zeylanica L.	Dhigaji	H	Gonorrhea	Root	The crushed root is cooked with meat and then eaten	2 sticken	Oral
					Hemorrhoids	Root	The pounded roots are mixed with honey and then put in the anus	Half palm	Dermal
					Toothache	Root	Small amount of crushed root put on the infected teeth	1 sticken
TT 14	Polygalaceae	Polygala erioptera DC.	Harmal adii	H	Heart disease	Root	Pounding the root and chewing then drinking	1-3 sticken	Oral
TT 58	Ranunculaceae	Clematis simensis Fresen.	Sariti/ fitii	Cl	Wound	Leaves	The crushed leaves are mixed with citrus lemon and then put on the wound	2 leaves	Dermal
					Stomachache	Root	The root pounded then taken with coffee for 3 days	The size of Fore finger	Oral
TT 41	Rosaceae	Prunus africana; (Hook.f.) Kalkman	Muka guracha	T	Wound	Bark	Crushed bark applies on the wounded area	Quarter palm	Dermal
TT 35	Rubiaceae	Coffea arabica L.	Buna	S	Scabies	Seed	The roosted seeds are powdered and applied on the infected area	5-7 seeds	Dermal
TT 23	Rutaceae	Citrus aurantium L.	Harboo	S	Dermatophyte	Fruit	Fruit juice is used as cream ointment on head	3 fruits	Dermal
TT 64	Rutaceae	Citrus sinensis (L.) Engl.	Burtukana	S	Stomach infection	Fruit	The juice is mixed with the fruits of Psidium guajava and taken early	1-3 fruits	Oral
					Wound	Bark	The dried bark is crushed and mixed with butter then creamed on the wound after washing the infected part	Half palm	Dermal
TT 54	Rutaceae	Ruta chalepensis L.	Chelatama	S	Stomachache	Leaves	The leaves are chewed and the juice swallowed	5 -10 leaf	Oral
					Cough	Fruit	The fruits are boiled with tea and taken in the morning and night for 2 days	Up to 6 fruits
TT 24	Sapindaceae	Dodonaea angustifolia; (L. fil.) J.G.West	Itachaa	S	Toothache	Root	Brushing the teeth	1 stricken	Oral
					Wound	Root	Squeezed root is smeared on the wound	Half spoon	Dermal
TT 48	Sapotaceae	Mimusops kummel Bruce ex A. DC.	Qolati	T	Lung cancer	Root	The roots are grounded, and small quantity taken with water	1 tea spoon	Oral
						Fruit	The dried fruits are pounded and dissolved in water and given	3 fruits
TT 33	Solanaceae	Datura stramonium L.	Manjii	H	Depression	Seed	The seed is grounded and smoked or mixed with butter and put on head	15 seeds	Dermal
TT 44	Solanaceae	Nicotiana tabacum L.	Tamboo	H	Snake bite	Leaf	The leaf is chewed and the juice swallowed	1 leaf	Oral
TT 52	Solanaceae	Solanecio angulatus; (Vahl) C.Jeffery	Jiniras	H	Evil eye	Root	The powdered root is dry bathed at night for 3 days	1 spoon	Oral
TT 67	Solanaceae	Solanum americanum Mill.	Mujulo	H	Intestinal worm	Leaves	The dried leaf is crushed	7 leaves	Oral
TT 68	Solanceae	Solanum incanum L.	Hiddii	S	Emergency	Root	Chewing the root	Size of 1 sticken	Oral
					Nose bleeding	Leaf	Juice of leaf is applied to nose	1 leaf	Nasal
					Pain during menstruation	Root	Dried roots are chewed and juice intake to stomach	Half sticken	Oral
					Amebiasis	Root	Pounded roots are concocted with water and then taken	2 sticken	Oral
TT 63	Solanaceae	Withania somnifera; (L.) Dun.	Unzo/ Gizawa	H	Evil eye	Root	Drinking the decocted roots and the residue is dry bathed	Half palm	Oral
TT 32	Tiliaceae	Grewia sp.	Gurbi dima	S	External parasite	Leaves	The leaves are squeezed and rubbed on the body	5-15 leaves	Dermal
TT 46	Tiliaceae	Grewia villosa Willd.	Jidda dhiga dima	S	Headache	Root	Pounding the roots and dry bath during bed time	1 and half palm	Oral
TT 2	Trymalaceae	Gnidia stenophylla Gilg.	Katarichaa	H	Intestinal worm	Root	The dried roots are crushed and mixed with water then taken for 2 days	1 tea spoon	Oral
					Amebiasis	Root	The powdered roots are taken with coffee in morning	1-2 spoon
					Liver disease	Root	The decoction of root is taken with goat milk	1 tea spoon
TT 61	Ulmaceae	Celtis africana Burm. fil.	Mataqoma	T	Boils	Leaves	The leaves squeezed and tie on the swelled part	5 leaves	Dermal
TT 7	Verbenaceae	Lippia adoensis Hochst. ex Walp.	Kusayee	S	Fibril illness	Leaves	The leaves squeezed and the filter is given through the nose and drink	2 leaves	Oral
TT 50	Vitaceae	Cayratia ibuensis; (Hook.f.) Suess.	Udusalim rumiyi	S	Liver disease	Root	The roots crushed and pounded then boiled and drink 2-3 cup of coffee in the morning	5-7 of tea spoon	Oral
TT 27	Vitaceae	Cissus rotundifolia (Forssk.) Vahl	Burke	C	Swelling	Root	The crushed roots are tie on the swelled part	1-5 full hand	Dermal
					Wound	Root	Roots are pounded, mixed with water, rubbed and applied as ointment on wound	2 hand palms
TT 22	Vitaceae	Cyphostemma sp.	Laaluu	C	Wound	Root	Root is pounded, mixed with water, rubbed and applied as ointment on wound	2 bottle stopper	Dermal
TT 26	Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale; Roscoe	Zinjibilaa	H	Cough, common cold & tonsillitis	Root	The roots crushed and boiled with tea and then taken	2-5 medium root	Oral