Japanese Herbal Kampo Hochu-Ekki-To or Juzen-Taiho-To after Surgery for Hip Fracture Does Not Reduce Infectious Complications
Table 1
Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching.
Prematching cohort
Propensity score matched cohort
Control
Kampo
SMD
Control
Kampo
SMD
Age, years, mean (SD)
82.1 (9.5)
83.0 (8.0)
0.110
83.2 (8.8)
83.0 (8.0)
0.022
Gender, (Female)
158327 (78.6)
332 (78.3)
0.007
334 (78.8)
332 (78.3)
0.011
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD)
20.6 (3.6)
19.7 (3.6)
0.247
19.6 (3.4)
19.7 (3.6)
0.029
Charlson comorbidity
Myocardial infarction
2702 (1.3)
3 (0.7)
0.063
8 (1.9)
3 (0.7)
0.104
Congestive heart disease
15246 (7.6)
30 (7.1)
0.019
30 (7.1)
30 (7.1)
<0.001
Peripheral vascular disease
2766 (1.4)
10 (2.4)
0.073
9 (2.1)
10 (2.4)
0.016
Cerebrovascular disease
20739 (10.3)
34 (8.0)
0.079
32 (7.5)
34 (8.0)
0.018
Dementia
26861 (13.3)
62 (14.6)
0.037
68 (16.0)
62 (14.6)
0.039
Chronic pulmonary disease
8368 (4.2)
35 (8.3)
0.171
44 (10.4)
35 (8.3)
0.073
Rheumatic disease
4194 (2.1)
10 (2.4)
0.019
7 (1.7)
10 (2.4)
0.050
Peptic ulcer
7915 (3.9)
31 (7.3)
0.147
31 (7.3)
31 (7.3)
<0.001
Liver disease
9324 (4.6)
24 (5.7)
0.047
31 (7.3)
24 (5.7)
0.067
DM without complications
30028 (14.9)
50 (11.8)
0.092
57 (13.4)
50 (11.8)
0.050
DM with complications
5628 (2.8)
10 (2.4)
0.027
11 (2.6)
10 (2.4)
0.015
Hemiparaplegia
967 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
0.098
2 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
0.097
Renal disease
8508 (4.2)
18 (4.2)
0.001
21 (5.0)
18 (4.2)
0.034
Malignancy
8426 (4.2)
37 (8.7)
0.186
35 (8.3)
37 (8.7)
0.017
Metastatic cancer
953 (0.5)
10 (2.4)
0.160
8 (1.9)
10 (2.4)
0.033
Antibiotic use within 7 days of surgery
186699 (92.7)
424 (100)
0.398
386 (91.0)
424 (100)
0.444
Mechanical ventilation within 7 days of surgery
784 (0.4)
0 (0.0)
0.088
1 (0.2)
0 (0.0)
0.069
Catecholamine use within 7 days of surgery
11526 (5.7)
30 (7.1)
0.055
26 (6.1)
30 (7.1)
0.038
Transfusion within 7 days of surgery
54494 (27.0)
131 (30.9)
0.085
131 (30.9)
131 (30.9)
<0.001
Renal replacement therapy within 7 days of surgery
661 (0.3)
1 (0.2)
0.017
2 (0.5)
1 (0.2)
0.040
High intensity care unit admission within 7 days of surgery
8470 (4.2)
14 (3.3)
0.047
10 (2.4)
14 (3.3)
0.057
Fracture location
0.059
0.078
Neck
104352 (51.8)
232 (54.7)
222 (52.4)
232 (54.7)
Intertrochanteric
92156 (45.7)
182 (42.9)
187 (44.1)
182 (42.9)
Subtrochanteric
4968 (2.5)
10 (2.4)
15 (3.5)
10 (2.4)
Type of surgery
0.032
0.049
Open reduction and internal fixation
131393 (65.2)
270 (63.7)
280 (66.0)
270 (63.7)
Hemiarthroplasty
70083 (34.8)
154 (36.3)
144 (34.0)
154 (36.3)
Anesthesia time category, min
0.113
0.078
-120
140345 (69.7)
310 (73.1)
322 (75.9)
310 (73.1)
121–180
46834 (23.2)
94 (22.2)
81 (19.1)
94 (22.2)
181–240
9857 (4.9)
15 (3.5)
15 (3.5)
15 (3.5)
241-
4440 (2.2)
5 (1.2)
6 (1.4)
5 (1.2)
Transfusion volume category, mL
0.124
0.090
0
126060 (62.6)
243 (57.3)
240 (56.6)
243 (57.3)
1–200
6090 (3.0)
12 (2.8)
12 (2.8)
12 (2.8)
201–400
32747 (16.3)
77 (18.2)
88 (20.8)
77 (18.2)
401–600
23752 (11.8)
55 (13.0)
55 (13.0)
55 (13.0)
601-
12827 (6.4)
37 (8.7)
29 (6.8)
37 (8.7)
Interval between admission and surgery, days, mean (SD)
5.3 (7.3)
5.7 (5.3)
0.066
5.7 (4.7)
5.7 (5.3)
0.009
Hospital volume of surgery for hip fractures/year, mean (SD)
224 (135)
215 (156)
0.060
220.8 (124.1)
215.2 (156.1)
0.040
Fiscal year
0.147
0.022
2010
29851 (14.8)
70 (16.5)
73 (17.2)
70 (16.5)
2011
51846 (25.7)
121 (28.5)
120 (28.3)
121 (28.5)
2012
61030 (30.3)
101 (23.8)
102 (24.1)
101 (23.8)
2013
58749 (29.2)
132 (31.1)
129 (30.4)
132 (31.1)
Academic hospital
9766 (4.8)
12 (2.8)
0.105
10 (2.4)
12 (2.8)
0.030
Transferred by ambulance
104264 (51.8)
217 (51.2)
0.011
213 (50.2)
217 (51.2)
0.019
Number of beds categories
0.109
0.079
-200
27331 (13.6)
61 (14.4)
61 (14.4)
61 (14.4)
201–400
86723 (43.0)
164 (38.7)
167 (39.4)
164 (38.7)
401–600
61855 (30.7)
149 (35.1)
153 (36.1)
149 (35.1)
601–800
18835 (9.3)
37 (8.7)
35 (8.3)
37 (8.7)
801-
6732 (3.3)
13 (3.1)
8 (1.9)
13 (3.1)
Numbers and percentages are presented unless otherwise stated. SD, standard deviation; SMD, standardized mean difference; BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus.
