Effects of Dance on Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 5

Effects on other variables.

Study/Year	Instrument	Measures	CG				EG				P.	Found Effect
			Mean Pre-T	SD	Mean Post-T	SD	Mean Pre-T	SD	Mean Post-T	SD
Bojner-Horwitz, E. et al 2003	Blood Samples	Dehydroepiandrosteronsulphate	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Blood Samples	Cortisol	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Blood Samples	Prolactin	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Blood Samples	Neuropeptide Y	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Saliva Samples	Cortisol	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Montgomery Asberg; Rating Scale	Depression	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Video-interpretation Rating Scale	Mobility	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	A
	Video-interpretation Rating Scale	Perception of Movement Pain	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	A
	Video-interpretation Rating Scale	Life Energy	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	A
Bojner – Horwitz, E. et al 2006	Self-Figure Drawing Procedure	Self-Image
		Amount of Body Details	11.9	1.9	8.9	1.9	11.1	1.9	16.1	1.9	A	8
		Amount of paper use in percent	50	7.4	40	6.2	48.8	7.4	68.8	6.2	A	30
		Amount of Kilo Bytes when scanning	136.8	6.9	135.5	12.1	148.4	6.9	156	12.1	D	8.9
		Amount of Colours	3.5	0.6	3.3	0.6	3.3	0.6	3.8	0.6	D	0.7
	Comprehensive Psychopathologic Rating Scale	Depression	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Sense of Coherence	Coping Capacity of Life-Stressors	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Swedish Universities Scale of Personality	Personality Profile	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	D
	Global Assessment of Well-Being and Pain	Well-Being	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	A
Carbonell-Baeza, A. et al 2010	Eight-Polar Tactile-Electrode Impedanciometer (InBody 720, Biospace)	Body Composition
		Weight in Kilograms	68.5	2.1	68.8	2	68.1	2.2	67.5	2.2	D	-0.9
		Waist Circumference	87.8	1.9	86.1	1.9	87.1	1.9	86.5	1.9	D	1.1
		Body Mass Index	28.2	0.9	28.3	0.9	27.5	0.9	27.4	0.9	D	-0.2
		Body Fat Percentage	38.6	1.2	37.2	1.6	37.2	1.2	31.4	1.6	AB	-4.4
		Muscle Mass in Kilograms	22.6	0.5	22.7	1.4	23.3	0.5	27.2	1.5	A	3.8
	“30-Second Shair Stand” Test	Lower Body Muscular Strength	7	0.5	8	0.5	8	0.5	10	0.5	B	1
	Digital Dynamometer	Upper Body Muscular Strength	15.7	1	17.3	1	18.1	1	18.4	1.1	D	-1.3
	“Chair Sit and Reach” Test	Lower Body Flexibility	-13.2	2.7	-15.7	2.9	-11	2.8	-6.3	3	D	7.2
	“Back Scratch” Test	Upper Body Flexibility	-7.3	2.4	-9.3	2.4	-6.5	2.4	-5.8	2.5	D	2.7
	“Blind Flamingo” Test	Static Balance	10	1	11	1	10	1	9	1	D	-2
	“8-Feet Up and Go” Test	Motor Agility	8.3	0.3	7.8	0.3	7.6	0.3	6.8	0.3	B	-0.3
	“6-Minute Walk” Test	Aerobic Endurance	456.6	12.7	457	13.1	448.7	13.5	480.9	13.8	A	31.8
	FIQ	Impact of the Syndrome										0
		Physical Function	4.3	0.3	4.8	0.4	4.4	0.4	3.6	0.4	A	-1.3
		Fell-good	8.3	0.4	8.8	0.4	7.6	0.4	6.1	0.5	AB	-2
		Fatigue	8.2	0.3	8.5	0.3	7.8	0.4	6.5	0.3	AB	-1.6
		Morning Tiredness	8	0.3	8.11	0.4	8.4	0.3	6.4	0.4	A	-2.11
		Stiffness	7.6	0.4	7.9	0.4	6.6	0.4	6	0.5	B	-0.9
		Anxiety	7.4	0.4	7.9	0.4	6.2	0.5	5.2	0.5	AB	-1.5
		Depression	6.1	0.5	7	0.5	5.7	0.6	4.9	0.6	A	-1.7
		Final Score	70.1	2.1	74	2.8	66.9	2.9	56	3.1	AB	-14.8
	SF-36	Health-related quality of Life
		Physical Functioning	39.1	3.5	38	3	38.1	3.8	44.8	3.2	D	7.8
		Physical Role	5.2	3.3	3.3	2.6	6.8	3.6	10	2.8	D	5.1
		General Health	26.5	3	29	3.1	33	3.2	35.6	3.4	D	0.1
		Vitality	18.1	2.8	19	2.9	22.6	3	26.4	3.2	D	2.9
		Social Functioning	44.4	4.4	36.7	3.7	49.2	4.8	55.6	4	AB	14.1
		Emotional Role	33.4	8	38	8.1	39.4	8.8	48.8	8.9	D	4.8
		Mental Health	45.4	3.6	44.9	4.2	50.8	3.9	57.9	4.6	D	7.6
	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	Anxiety	11.2	0.8	11	0.8	9.4	0.9	9.1	0.9	D	-0.1
		Depression	9.3	0.7	9	0.8	7.5	0.8	7.3	0.9	D	0.1
	Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory	Coping Strategies
		Passive Coping	24.7	0.8	24.2	0.7	23.2	0.9	20.7	0.7	D	-2
		Active Coping	16.1	0.7	16.1	0.7	16.5	0.7	16	0.7	D	-0.5
	Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale	Self-Esteem	28.2	1.1	25.4	1.2	28.4	1.2	28.3	1.3	A	2.7
	General Self-Efficacy Scale	Self-Efficacy	25	1.3	25.5	1.3	26.9	1.4	27.9	1.4	D	0.5
López- Rodriguez, M.M. et al 2012	FIQ	Impact of the Syndrome
		Daily Life Activities	1.27	0.45	0.99	0.44	1.17	0.58	0.62	0.57	A	-0.27
		Number of Days That Was Good the Last Week	0.75	1.11	0.85	1.26	1.05	1.12	2.21	2.01	A	1.06
		Absent Days at Work	0.92	1.55	0.84	1.67	1.1	2.07	0.55	1.66	D	-0.47
		Fatigue	7.85	1.18	7.45	1.39	7.95	1.35	6.31	1.85	A	-1.24
		Morning Tiredness	8.15	1.03	7.55	1.66	7.95	1.26	6.89	1.85	D	-0.46
		Stiffness	7.6	1.46	7.55	1.57	6.95	1.98	6.15	2	A	-0.75
		Anxiety	7.15	1.26	7.9	1.37	7.16	1.6	5.52	2.26	A	-2.39
		Depression	6.65	2	8.3	1.17	5.74	2.53	4.42	2.41	A	-2.97
		Inconvenience on Work	7.8	1.28	7.2	1.57	7.58	1.53	5.42	2.19	A	-1.56
		Final Score	69.55	12.96	69.23	12.89	67.08	10.51	52.16	16.18	AB	-14.6
	Beck Inventory	Depression	19.35	7.7	16.7	6.66	18.05	9.83	16.05	7.39	D	0.65
Carbonell-Baeza, A. el al 2012	Eight-Polar Tactile-Electrode Impedanciometer (InBody 720, Biospace)	Body Composition
		Weight in Kilograms	68.3	2.4	68.3	2.5	69	3.1	68	3.3	D	-1
		Waist Circumference	86.9	2.7	88.1	2.8	87.2	3.4	85.5	3.5	D	-2.9
		Body Mass Index	27.9	1.1	28	1.2	27.8	1.4	27.8	1.5	D	-0.1
		Body Fat Percentage	38.4	1.7	37.8	1.9	36.5	1.9	35.9	2.2	D	0
		Muscle Mass in Kilograms	22.3	0.7	27.4	3.3	23.9	0.8	22.6	3.9	D	-6.4
	“30-Second Chair Stand” Test	Lower Body Muscular Strength	8	0.6	8.2	0.6	7.7	0.8	8.2	0.7	D	0.3
	“Chair Sit and Reach” Test	Lower Body Flexibility	-17.6	4.5	-7.7	2.9	-15.7	5.8	-6.9	3.7	D	-1.1
	“Back Scratch” Test	Upper Body Flexibility	-7.3	2.4	-9.3	2.4	-6.5	2.4	-5.8	2.5	D	2.7
	“8-Feet Up and Go” Test	Motor Agility	8.1	0.4	7.9	0.4	7.8	0.5	6.6	0.5	D	-1
	“6-Minute Walk” Test	Aerobic Endurance	449.6	16.3	445.8	14.6	443.9	20.3	461	18.1	D	20.9
	Dinamómetro Digital	Upper Body Muscular Strength	14.8	1.6	16.1	1.3	17.9	1.9	20.4	1.6	D	1.2
	“Blind Flamingo” Test	Static Balance	12.2	1.1	10.6	1.3	9.6	1.5	9.6	1.7	D	1.6
	FIQ	Impact of the Syndrome
		Physical Function	5.4	0.5	4	0.5	4.4	0.6	4.3	0.7	D	1.3
		Well-Being	8.7	0.5	7.8	0.7	8.6	0.6	6.7	0.8	D	-1
		Fatigue	8.5	0.4	7.6	0.5	8.4	0.6	7.7	0.6	D	0.2
		Morning Tiredness	8.3	0.4	8.1	0.4	8.9	0.6	8.3	0.6	D	-0.4
		Stiffness	7.6	0.5	6.1	0.6	8.3	0.7	7	0.8	D	0.2
		Anxiety	8.5	0.4	5.9	0.6	7.7	0.5	6.9	0.8	D	1.8
		Depression	7	0.7	4.9	0.7	7.8	0.9	6.3	0.9	D	0.6
		Final Score	74.6	3.1	62.9	3.7	77.7	3.9	64.9	4.7	BC	-1.1
	SF-36	Health-related quality of Life
		Physical Functioning	35.8	4.7	42.4	4.8	35	6	38.3	6.2	D	-3.3
		Physical Role	0	0	9.7	4.6	9.1	5.6	4.5	5.9	A	-14.3
		General Health	27.7	3.2	31.9	3.3	26	4	31.9	4.2	D	1.7
		Vitality	20.4	4	23.5	3.5	16.2	2.1	25.2	4.5	D	5.9
		Social Functioning	31.7	6.1	51.6	5.8	44.3	7.8	43.9	7.5	A	-20.3
		Emotional Role	25.5	8.5	42.7	10.3	15.8	10.8	12	13.2	D	-21
		Mental Health	41.7	4.5	53.3	4.6	37.3	5.8	44	5.9	D	-4.9
	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	Anxiety	11.9	1	10.4	1	12.1	1.3	11.9	1.3	D	1.3
		Depression	9.6	1.1	8.5	1	9.1	1.4	8.5	1.3	D	0.5
	Vanderbilt Pain Management Inventory	Coping Strategies
		Passive Coping	25.6	0.7	21.4	0.9	23.7	0.9	22.2	1.2	A	2.7
		Active Coping	15.6	0.9	17	0.9	15.9	1.1	14.2	1.1	D	-3.1
	Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale	Self-Esteem	29.1	1.4	29.2	1.3	26.4	1.2	27.1	1.7	D	0.6
	General Self-Efficacy Scale	Self-Efficacy	26.1	1.9	27.1	1.5	24.1	2.4	23.1	1.9	D	-2
Baptista, A.S. et al 2012	“6-Minute Walk” Test	Functional Capacity	332	66.7	343	77.9	372.8	80.2	431	88.7	A	47.2
	FIQ	Impact of the Syndrome	6.34	1.29	5.9	1.86	5.89	1.39	4.26	1.81	A	-1.19
	SF-36	Health-related quality of Life
		Physical Functioning	32.6	18.9	39.1	22	44.9	1.89	56.3	19.9	D	4.9
		Physical Role	8.8	17.9	13.8	26.5	24.7	32.2	36.5	32.4	D	6.8
		General Health	38	16.5	41.5	21.4	46	21.7	44.9	15.6	D	-4.6
		Vitality	29	18.2	37.1	21.8	41.3	18.8	47.6	23.8	D	-1.8
		Social Functioning	47.6	23.1	51.3	25.5	52.6	27.7	57.2	27	D	0.9
		Emotional Role	21.2	33.1	31.5	38.7	34.2	36.9	51.9	39.6	A	7.4
		Mental Health	43.4	24	46.2	22.6	46	19.9	52.3	20.8	A	3.5
	Beck Inventory	Depression	21.2	13	23.5	13.7	23.9	14.7	23.1	15.3	D	-3.1
	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Part 1	Anxiety	52.8	8.1	51.8	9.4	50.5	7.68	49.4	10	D	-0.1
	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Part 2	Anxiety	53	9.7	54.1	10.1	51.1	7.8	49.8	9.1	D	-2.4
	Body Dysmorphic; Disorder Examination	Self-Image	48.8	34.2	46.9	31.8	42.8	32.6	41.1	24.24	A	0.2
López- Rodriguez, M.M. et al 2013	FIQ	Impact of the Syndrome
		Daily Life Activities	1.28	0.4	1.4	0.5	1.12	0.5	0.65	0.6	AB	-0.59
		Number of Days That Was Good the Last Week	0.9	1.2	1	1.3	1	1.1	2.07	2.1	AB	0.97
		Absent Days at Work	1.33	1.6	1.22	1.8	0.73	1.7	0.38	1.3	D	-0.24
		Fatigue	6.89	1.6	6.56	1.5	6.87	1.8	4.46	2.4	AB	-2.08
		Morning Tiredness	7.77	1.3	7.57	1.2	7.59	1.3	6.66	1.9	D	-0.73
		Stiffness	7.8	1.1	7.53	1.5	7.59	1.3	7.17	2	D	-0.15
		Anxiety	7.03	1.5	6.47	1.7	6.86	1.8	6.41	1.9	D	0.11
		Depression	7.1	1.3	6.97	1.2	7.03	1.5	5.9	2.5	AB	-1
		Inconvenience on Work	6.53	1.9	6.4	1.7	5.66	2.5	4.52	2.4	D	-1.01
		Final Score	68.63	14.1	68.5	14.1	65.79	11.2	53.73	18	AB	-11.95
	Pittsburgh Sleep; Quality Index	Sleep Quality	14.7	2.4	14.4	2.4	15.1	1.7	7.59	1.8	AB	-7.21
	Center for Epidemiologic; Studies Depression Scale	Depression	26.37	6.4	27.7	7.3	23.07	9.7	20.41	11.1	D	-3.99
	State Anxiety Inventory	Anxiety	44.97	4.5	44.87	5.1	45.17	3.9	38.79	5.8	AB	-6.28

EG: experimental group; CG: control group; n: sample size; SD: standard deviation; T: test; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; NR: not reported; NA: not applicable; A: significant changes of experimental group versus control group; B: changes in experimental group; C: changes in control group; D: not significative changes; P: P-value.