Research Article

Gynura procumbens Improved Fertility of Diabetic Rats: Preliminary Study of Sperm Proteomic

Table 3

Classification of 88 identified sperm proteins according to their biological processes. All proteins have Q value of 0 (Supplementary Table 1).

NoIDProtein namesPeptidesSequence CoverageMolecular WeightScoreMS/MS Count

Proteins involved in reproduction

1P12020Cysteine-rich secretory protein 1 (32 kDa epididymal protein) (Acidic epididymal glycoprotein) (Protein D) (Protein E) (Protein IV) (Sialoprotein) (Sperm-coating glycoprotein) (SCP)832.127.84789.62778
2P31044Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP-1) (23 kDa morphine-binding protein) (HCNPpp) (P23K) [Cleaved into: Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP)]873.820.801314.36111
3Q6AXU2Zona pellucida binding protein, isoform CRA_b (Zona pellucida-binding protein)1740.345.129323.31188
4A0A0H2UHA4Mitochondria-eating protein1217.467.794145.8337
5M0R4L7Histone H2B648.413.9185.05241
6A0A0H2UHP1Retinal dehydrogenase 1173456.589323.31146
7D3ZE94Outer dense fiber of sperm tails 3 (Outer dense fiber of sperm tails 3 (Predicted))1353.127.879135.3372
8D4ACV3Histone H2A643.713.645323.3152
9M0R660Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12)1338.135.783323.3183
10P18163Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 (EC 6.2.1.3) (Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1) (LACS 1) (Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase, liver isozyme)1937.178.178323.31109
11P55063Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1-like (Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1L) (Heat shock 70 kDa protein 3) (HSP70.3)2743.770.548323.31202
12G3V7X0Outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2, isoform CRA_e (Outer dense fiber protein 2)606581.346323.31360
13Q4KLL5Ropporin-1 (Rhophilin-associated protein 1)1058.523.96322.2667
14Q6AXR4Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta (EC 3.2.1.52) (Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase subunit beta) (Hexosaminidase subunit B) (N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase subunit beta)1826.661.527198.6666
15Q6P502T-complex protein 1 subunit gamma (TCP-1-gamma) (CCT-gamma)1130.160.646186.252

Proteins involved in sperm development process

1F1M786Carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.-)1422.561.398323.31107
2P06911Epididymal-specific lipocalin-5 (Androgen-dependent epididymal 18.5 kDa protein) (Epididymal retinoic acid-binding protein) (E-RABP) (Epididymal secretory protein I) (ESP-I) [Cleaved into: Epididymal-specific lipocalin-5, B form; Epididymal-specific lipocalin-5, C form]95820.67235.5389
3A0A0G2K3K2Actin, cytoplasmic 12262.741.792323.31457
4G3V7J0Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 6, subfamily A1, isoform CRA_b (Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial)1235.157.74720570
5G3V9D8Carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.-)1124.862.17323.31104
6P04905Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (EC 2.5.1.18) (GST 3-3) (GSTM1-1) (Glutathione S-transferase Yb-1) (GST Yb1)1255.525.914195.3356
7P11951Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-2 (Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide VIc-2)336.88.454838.13831
8Q6YFQ1Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb isoform 2) (COX VIb-2) (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb, testis-specific isoform)446.610.47228.90428
9P10715Cytochrome c, testis-specific1377.111.742323.31114
10Q5BJ93Enolase 1, (Alpha) (RCG31027, isoform CRA_a)3577.247.127323.31472

Proteins involved in locomotion

1G3V7C6Tubulin beta chain4481.661.186323.311073
2Q6AYX2L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27)2272.335.712323.31195
3B5DEN4L-lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27)82836.45323.3147
4P68370Tubulin alpha-1A chain (Alpha-tubulin 1) (Tubulin alpha-1 chain) [Cleaved into: Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-1A chain]214750.13520.523
5Q5XIV1Phosphoglycerate kinase (EC 2.7.2.3)3675.845.01323.31545
6Q6AYM2Tektin-2 (Tektin-t) (Testicular tektin)61750.29654.91823
7P63269Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle (Alpha-actin-3) (Gamma-2-actin) (Smooth muscle gamma-actin) [Cleaved into: Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle, intermediate form]2060.641.876173.138
8Q68FR8Tubulin alpha-3 chain (Alpha-tubulin 3) [Cleaved into: Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain]2454.749.959323.31363

Proteins involved in metabolism

1G3V8X9Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 16 (Serine proteinase inhibitor HongrES1)2448.247.181323.31192
2M0R8P3Calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (RCG24939, isoform CRA_c)730.843.044131.1857
3O88767Protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 (EC 3.1.2.-) (EC 3.5.1.-) (EC 3.5.1.124) (Contraception-associated protein 1) (Protein CAP1) (Fertility protein SP22) (Maillard deglycase) (Parkinson disease protein 7 homolog) (Parkinsonism-associated deglycase) (Protein DJ-1) (DJ-1)833.919.974173.4477
4P00507Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial (mAspAT) (EC 2.6.1.1) (EC 2.6.1.7) (Fatty acid-binding protein) (FABP-1) (Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2) (Kynurenine aminotransferase 4) (Kynurenine aminotransferase IV) (Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase 4) (Kynurenine--oxoglutarate transaminase IV) (Plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein) (FABPpm) (Transaminase A)1444.747.314218.7498
5P02091Hemoglobin subunit beta-1 (Beta-1-globin) (Hemoglobin beta chain, major-form) (Hemoglobin beta-1 chain)2170.715.979323.31481
6P02770Serum albumin5274.568.73323.31688
7P04636Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (EC 1.1.1.37)1153.835.683130.3133
8P05065Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (EC 4.1.2.13) (Muscle-type aldolase)1959.339.351323.31127
9P06761Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (EC 3.6.4.10) (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein) (GRP-78) (Binding-immunoglobulin protein) (BiP) (Heat shock protein 70 family protein 5) (HSP70 family protein 5) (Heat shock protein family A member 5) (Immunoglobulin heavy chain-binding protein) (Steroidogenesis-activator polypeptide)213372.346323.31184
10P09606Glutamine synthetase (GS) (EC 6.3.1.2) (Glutamate decarboxylase) (EC 4.1.1.15) (Glutamate--ammonia ligase)103042.267323.31156
11P10760Adenosylhomocysteinase (AdoHcyase) (EC 3.3.1.1) (S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase)36.947.538122.3523
12P10818Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial (Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide VIa-liver)563.112.30163.57648
13P10860Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial (GDH 1) (EC 1.4.1.3) (Memory-related gene 2 protein) (MRG-2)91761.415177.8183
14P11517Hemoglobin subunit beta-2 (Beta-2-globin) (Hemoglobin beta chain, minor-form) (Hemoglobin beta-2 chain)1864.615.982323.31158
15P11980Pyruvate kinase PKM (EC 2.7.1.40) (Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme)1540.157.817323.3184
16P12346Serotransferrin (Transferrin) (Beta-1 metal-binding globulin) (Liver regeneration-related protein LRRG03) (Siderophilin)1728.476.394317.85139
17P16290Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (EC 5.4.2.11) (EC 5.4.2.4) (BPG-dependent PGAM 2) (Muscle-specific phosphoglycerate mutase) (Phosphoglycerate mutase isozyme M) (PGAM-M)1671.128.755323.31155
18P19804Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B (NDK B) (NDP kinase B) (EC 2.7.4.6) (Histidine protein kinase NDKB) (EC 2.7.13.3) (P18)338.817.28355.11320
19P20760Ig gamma-2A chain C region1032.635.185172.4682
20P32551Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial (Complex III subunit 2) (Core protein II) (Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex core protein 2)420.148.396323.3129
21P46462Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase (TER ATPase) (EC 3.6.4.6) (15S Mg(2+)-ATPase p97 subunit) (Valosin-containing protein) (VCP)2341.889.348323.31136
22Q4KLZ6Triokinase/FMN cyclase (Bifunctional ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase/FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing)) [Includes: ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase (DHA kinase) (EC 2.7.1.28) (EC 2.7.1.29) (Glycerone kinase) (Triokinase) (Triose kinase); FAD-AMP lyase (cyclizing) (EC 4.6.1.15) (FAD-AMP lyase (cyclic FMN forming)) (FMN cyclase)]827.759.443202.3259
23Q4QR77Protein FAM166A418.436.993102.9331
24Q4V8H5Aspartyl aminopeptidase (Aspartyl aminopeptidase, isoform CRA_c)924.252.555323.3160
25Q4V8P4Rsb-66 protein (Rsb-66 protein, isoform CRA_b) (Sperm acrosome-associated 9)326.219.465323.3156
26Q5RK28Normal mucosa of esophagus-specific gene 1 protein983.19.5981275.9378
27Q5XI62Protein MENT (Methylated in normal thymocytes protein)1045.337.64246.165
28Q6AXN75'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IB2139.564.922323.31134
29Q6AXX6Redox-regulatory protein FAM213A (Peroxiredoxin-like 2 activated in M-CSF stimulated monocytes) (Protein PAMM) (Sperm head protein 1)1450.725.763240.0279
30Q6AY07Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13)2056.639.491323.31220
31Q6AY30Saccharopine dehydrogenase-like oxidoreductase (EC 1.-.-.-)1238.547.088204.8650
32Q6P6V0Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) (EC 5.3.1.9) (Autocrine motility factor) (AMF) (Neuroleukin) (NLK) (Phosphoglucose isomerase) (PGI) (Phosphohexose isomerase) (PHI)1438.762.826323.3173
33Q6P762Alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.-)2329.7114.33323.31113
34Q8VI04Isoaspartyl peptidase/L-asparaginase (EC 3.4.19.5) (EC 3.5.1.1) (Asparaginase-like protein 1) (Asparaginase-like sperm autoantigen) (Beta-aspartyl-peptidase) (Glial asparaginase) (Isoaspartyl dipeptidase) (L-asparagine amidohydrolase) [Cleaved into: Isoaspartyl peptidase/L-asparaginase alpha chain; Isoaspartyl peptidase/L-asparaginase beta chain]1449.834.41323.3145
35A0A0G2KAM3Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial411.146.192272.5917
36A0A0G2JSJ3Solute carrier family 2 (Facilitated glucose transporter), member 3 (Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3-like)51453.562151.6731
37A0A0G2JSJ8Fucosidase, alpha-L-1, tissue, isoform CRA_a (Tissue alpha-L-fucosidase)515.453.472286.4963
38A0A0G2JSV6Globin c2 (Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 2) (RCG34342, isoform CRA_a)1769.715.284323.31587
39A0A0G2JSZ5Protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (RCG62282, isoform CRA_a)617.348.7696.80126
40A0A0G2JTW9Hemoglobin, beta adult major chain1070.715.988138.7732
41G3V8Q6cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit629.945.48173.4523
42D4AA52Alpha-1-inhibitor III86.3163.653.69634
43A0A0H2UHE1Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial (EC 6.2.1.4) (EC 6.2.1.5) (Succinyl-CoA synthetase subunit alpha) (SCS-alpha)621.137.55921838
44A0A0H2UHM5Protein disulfide-isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1)224957.078272.6383
45B0K020CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 (MitoNEET)657.412.09795.4782
46B1H216Globin c3 (Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 2) (RCG34636, isoform CRA_a)1669.715.328318.5341
47B6DYP8Glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18)955.225.319150.9669
48D3Z9F9Similar to RIKEN cDNA 4930540L03 (Predicted) (Sperm acrosome-associated 1)525.437.335302.3454
49D3ZLJ6Amine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.-)511.771.08331.50333
50D3ZUM4Beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23)2133.573.227224.16110
51D4A4R7RCG21015, isoform CRA_a (Serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1F)416.546.98533.07136
52F1LML2Polyubiquitin-C890.291.072323.3198
53F1LN88Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (RCG21519, isoform CRA_a)1644.756.516323.31103
54F1LP05ATP synthase subunit alpha1725.959.812303.3185
55G3V6D3ATP synthase subunit beta (EC 3.6.3.14)2157.856.344323.31153