Aster glehni Extract Containing Caffeoylquinic Compounds Protects Human Keratinocytes through the TRPV4-PPARδ-AMPK Pathway

Figure 3

RT-PCR for keratin, involucrin, defensinn, TNF, TRPV4, PPAR, and AMPK in HaCaT cells treated with Aster glehni extract, SDS, and DNCB. AG generally increased the mRNA levels of biomarkers related to the protection of keratinocytes in SDS or DNCB treated condition. But the mRNA level of TNFα was decreased by AG treatment. The results are expressed as means ± SEM. N=3 for each group. Values were statistically analyzed by unpaired t-test and one-way ANOVA. All experiments were repeated over three times. The dash-dotted line means the one-way ANOVA result between ctrl and other groups. Meaning of indications: Ctrl is an untreated control group, DNCB is a DNCB treated group, D+AG is a DNCB+AG treated group, SDS is a SDS-treated group, and S+AG is a SDS+AG treated group.