Preclinical Evidence and Mechanism of Xingnaojing Injection for Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies

Table 1

The characteristics of the included studies.

Study(year)	Special/strain	Sex	Weight (g)	N(T/C)	Model	Index	Intervention		Outcome measures
						isch/rep(h)
							Control	Treatment (duration)
Yan et al. 2017	Rat/W	M	250± 20	24(12/12)	P	2/24	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 5 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	NDS, NCA
Li et al. 2016	Rat/W	M	NR	20(10/10)	P	1.5/72	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 20 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(7d)	NDS,TNF-α, CIA
Chen et al. 2015	Rat/W	M	200~250	36(18/18)	P	0.16/48	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 10 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	BE, BBB
Wu 2015	Rat/W	M	250 ±50	24(12/12)	P	2/70	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 50 mL·kg^−1·d^−1 (5d)	NDS
Zhong et al. 2015	Rat/W	M	200~250	108(54/54)	P	0.16/72	NR	i.p. XNJ 10 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(3d)	BE, BBB
Huang et al. 2014	Rat/W	M	280~300	20(10/10)	P	0.3/0.3	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 2 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	CIA
Ma 2014	Rat/SD	M	200 ±20	12(6/6)	T	24/-	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 3 mL·kg^−1·d^−1, 3times (1d)	NDS, GSH-Px
Zeng 2013	Rat/SD	M	280~300	20(10/10)	P	2/24	c.i.v NS	c.i.v. XNJ 2 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	CIA, NCA
Zhu 2012	Rat/SD	NR	200	40(20/20)	P	2/168	c.i.v. NS	c.i.v. XNJ 2 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	NDS, CIA, NCA
Huang 2012	Mouse	M	20~22	24(12/12)	P	2/NR	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 10 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(5d)	CIA, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α
Li and Xie 2011	Rat/SD	M	250~300	12(6/6)	P	2/24	i.v.NS	i.v. XNJ 10 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	NDS, CIA, IL-6, IL-1β, BBB
Guo et al. 2010	Rat/SD	M	200~250	16(8/8)	P	2/24	i.v.NS	i.v.10 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	MDA, SOD, NCA
Wu 2007	Rat/W	M	260±10	43(23/20)	T	8/-	i.p.NS	i.p. XNJ 8 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(5d)	TNF-α, BE
Zhang et al. 2006	Mouse	M&F	50-80	18(9/9)	P	0.16/4	i.v.NS	i.v. XNJ 0.685 mL·kg^−1·d^−1 (1d)	SOD
Lu 2006	Rat/SD	M	200~250	16(8/8)	P	2/48	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 10 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	SOD, MDA, NCA
Shen et al. 2004	Rat/SD	M	250 ±20	12(6/6)	T	6/-	NR	i.p. 1.25 mL·kg^−1·d^−1, 2times(1d)	NDS
Wang et al. 2004	Rabbit	M&F	2200~3000	20(10/10)	P	0.5/2	i.v. NS	i.v. XNJI mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	MDA, SOD
Zhou et al. 2002	Mouse	M	28~30	15(7/8)	P	0.08/0.16	NR	i.p. XNJ 5 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	GSH-Px, SOD, LMF
Wan et al. 2001	Rat/SD	M&F	200~250	16(8/8)	T	0.66/-	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 3 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	GSH-Px
Cai et al. 2000	Rat/W	M	205±15	20(10/10)	T	3/-	i.p. NS	i.p. XNJ 2 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(1d)	NS
Fu et al. 2000	Rat/W	M	200~300	30(15/15)	P	3/3	NR	i.p. XNJ 20 mL·kg^−1·d^−1(7d)	BE, CIA, NCA
Chen et al 2000	Rabbit	M&F	2200~3600	20(10/10)	P	0.5/2	i.v. NS	i.v. XNJ 1 mL·kg^−1(1d)	TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, BUC
Zhang et al 1997	Rabbit	NR	2500~3000	12(6/6)	P	0.5/0.5	NR	i.v. XNJ 40 mL·kg^−1(1d)	MDA, GSH-Px,

Note. XNJI is Xingnaojing injection; SD is Sprague-Dawley; W is Wistar; M is male; F is female; P is permanent; T is transient; i.p. is intraperitoneal injection; i.v. is intravenous injection; c.i.v. is caudal intravenous injection; NR is not report; Index isch/rep(h) is index ischemia and reperfusion in hours; - means no reperfusion; BE is brain edema; BBB is blood brain barrier; NDS is Neurological Deficit Score; CIA is cerebral infarction area; NCA is Neuronal cell apoptosis; TNF-α is brain tumor factor α; IL-6 is interleukin-6; IL-1β is interleukin-1β; SOD is superoxide dismutase; MDA is malondialdehyde; GSH-Px is glutathione peroxidase.