Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Topical Formulations from Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W. Watson Essential Oil

Table 5

Antibacterial activity of topical formulations containing C. martini EOs against skin disease causing bacteria using agar well diffusion technique.

Formulations	Conc %v/v	Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm), including well diameter (10 mm)
		Clinical Isolates				Standard strains
		Sa	Sp	Pa	Kp	Sa	Pa	Kp
F1	2	28.0±0.9	33.3±0.5	16.0±0.6	15.5±1.0	19.5±1.0	16.0±0.6	18.3±0.5
	1	21.0±0.0	31.3±0.8	8.8±0.8	12.3±1.2	15.5±2.0	9.1±1.5	16.5±1.0
	0.5	19.2±0.6	11.0±0.6	5.0±0.6	6.0±1.0	11.5±0.5	4.0±1.0	6.5 ±1.0
F2	2	17.1± .8	19.2±0.8	13.0±0.6	14.3±0.8	17.0±0.9	15.0±0.6	11.8±1.2
	1	14.0±0.6	11.0±0.9	5.0±0.8	4.0±1.1	13.0±0.5	7.3±0.5	5.3± 1.0
	0.5	6.0±0.6	3.1±1.1	2.0±0.6	1.0±0.0	7.0±0.6	3.0±0.6	2.0±0.0
F3-5	2	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
	1	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
	0.5	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
B1	-	4.0±0.0	6.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	1.0±0.0	4.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	1.0±0.0
B2-5	-	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
Gent	1%	24.0±0.0	25.0±0.0	5.6±0.0e	9.0±0.0	30.0±0.0	7.6±0.8	9.6±0.8

Sa: S. aureus, Sp: S. pyogenes, Pa: P. aeruginosa, Kp: K. pneumoniae, -: base only (no EO), B1: hydrophilic ointment base, B2: macrogol blend ointment base, B3: macrogol cream ointment base, B4: simple ointment base, B5: white petrolatum ointment base, F1: hydrophilic ointment, F2: macrogol blend ointment, F3: macrogol cream ointment, F4: simple ointment, F5: white petrolatum ointment, and Gent: gentamycin cream 1% as positive control. Data (means ± SD, n = 6) within a column with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).