Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Novel Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Topical Formulations from Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) W. Watson Essential Oil

Table 6

Antifungal activity of different topical formulations containing C. martini EOs using agar well diffusion technique.

Formulation	Conc %V/V	Inhibition Zone Diameter (mm), including well diameter (10 mm)
		Clinical Isolates					Standard strains
		C.albicans	A. niger	M. canis	Tm	T.verrucosum	A. niger	Tm	T.rubrum
F1	2	52.2±2.3	30.0±1.2	90.0±0.0	140.0±0.0	90.0±0.0	40.2±1.5	140.0±0.0	140.0±0.0
	1.5	47.0±0.9	29.5±1.4	70.0±1.9	140.0±0.0	90.0±0.0	28.7±0.9	140.0±0.0	140.0±0.0
	1	45.2±2.5	21.0±0	50.5±1.5	90.0±0.0	48.0±1.4	23.3±1.2	140.0±0.0	70.2±0.4
F2	2	39.0±1.7	23.0±1.4	90.0±0.0	140.0±0.0	90.0±0.0	37.0±1.4	140.0±0.0	98.3±11.7
	1.5	37.0±1.2	21.0±1.3	64.1.0±1.4	140.0±0.0	82.5±1.9	25.0±0.9	140.0±0.0	85.0±6.2
	1	33.0±0.9	19.0±0	45.0±4.0	42.0 ±1.4	43.0±2.4	22.0±1.8	140.0±0.0	38.5±2.8
F3-5	2	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
	1.5	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
	1	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
B1	-	4.0±0.0	5.0±0.0	7.0±0.0	11.0±0.0	10.0±0.0	6.0±0.0	13.0±0.0	13.0±0.0
B2-5	-	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0	0.0±0.0
Micon	2%	30±0.0	25±1.0	39.0±1.0	45.0±0.0	41±0.0	25±0.0	46.3±1.0	44.0 ±1.0

Tm: T. mentagrophytes, Conc: concentration, -: base only (no EO), : inhibition of the growth across the entire 90 mm plate, ^#: inhibition of the growth across the entire 140 mm plate, B1: hydrophilic ointment base, B2: macrogol blend ointment base, B3: macrogol cream ointment base, B4: simple ointment base, B5: white petrolatum ointment base, F1: hydrophilic ointment, F2: macrogol blend ointment, F3: macrogol cream ointment, F4: simple ointment, and F5: white petrolatum ointment. Data (means ± SD, n = 6) within a column with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05).