Aqueous Extract of Glucoraphanin-Rich Broccoli Sprouts Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Attenuates Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Cells

Figure 4

Effects of broccoli sprout extract on RAGE mRNA levels (a and b) and ROS generation (c) in HUVECs. (a and b) HUVECs were treated with or without 10 ng/ml TNF-α in the presence or absence of 1% of glucoraphanin-rich broccoli sprout extract for 4 hours. Then total RNAs were transcribed and amplified by real-time PCR. Data were normalized by the intensity of β-actin mRNA- (a) or 18S rRNA-derived signals (b) and then related to the values with vehicle. (c) HUVECs were treated with or without 1% broccoli sprout extract for 4 hours. After washing the cells with phosphate-buffered saline, cells were incubated with 100 μg/ml AGEs or 100 μg/ml nonglycated BSA in the presence of carboxy-H₂DFFDA for 25 minutes, and then fluorescence intensity was measured. and , p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 compared to the control values with vehicle, respectively. #, p < 0.05 compared to the values with TNF-α alone. N.S: not significant.

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