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| Pattern | Pathogenesis and treatment principle | Recipe and ingredient herbs | Grading and level |
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| Qi and yin deficiency | Pathogenesis: Spleen-lung qi deficiency, fluid-humor deficiency
Principle: Tonify the spleen and lung, enrich yin and increase humor | Modified Zeng Ye Tang:
Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix), Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Yu Zhu (Polygonatiodoratirhizoma), Bei Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix), Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) | Grading of recommendation: B※§
Level of evidence: IIa [12–15] |
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| Qi movement stagnation | Pathogenesis: Liver and spleen qi stagnation, bowel qi block
Principle: Favor qi and remove food stagnation, direct qi downward to relax the bowels | Modified Liu Mo Tang:
Bing Lang (Arecaesemen), Chen Xiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Wu Yao (Linderae Radix), Da Huang (Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus) | Grading of recommendation: C§
Level of evidence: IV |
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| Blood deficiency | Pathogenesis: Blood deficiency, intestines with cachexia
Principle: Tonify blood and enrich yin, moisten dryness to relax the bowels | Modified Liu Mo Tang:
Bing Lang (Arecaesemen), Chen Xiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Wu Yao (Linderae Radix), Da Huang (Rhei Radix Et Rhizoma), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus) | Grading of recommendation: C§
Level of evidence: IV |
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| Yang deficiency | Pathogenesis: Yang deficiency and debilitation, yin and cold congealing and bind
Principle: Tonify the kidney and warm yang, moisten the intestines to relax the bowels | Modified Ji Chuan Jian:
Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), Rou Cong Rong (Cistanches Herba), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Sheng Ma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus) | Grading of recommendation: B※§
Level of evidence: IIa [16] |
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