|
Author
(year) | Model
(animal, gender, number) | Acupuncture groups | Control groups | Outcomes | Results |
| Acupuncture | Acupoints
number, duration | Control | Acupoints
number, duration |
|
| (1) Du et al. (1976) [52] | Splanchnic nerve stimulation (cat, -,-) | (A) Model+EA (25/70/100Hz) | (A) GB31, 34, LI11, TE5
- | - | - | (1) VSR | Within group
(1) (A): inhibited |
| (2) Zhang et al. (1989) [53] | Splanchnic nerve stimulation (cat, -, total 35) | (A) Model+EA (5Hz) | (A) PC6
1,3-5min | (B) Model+Morphine
(C) Model+EA+NAL | (C) PC6
1, 3-5min | (1) C-CEPs
(2) A-CEPs | Within group
(1) (A), (B): reduced amplitudes
(2) (A), (B): reduced amplitude of late component |
| (3) Guoxi (1991) [54] | Splanchnic nerve stimulation (cat, m, total 219) | (A) Model+EA | (A) ST36
- | - | - | (1) Electrical activities in thalamus | Within group
(1) (A): inhibited in 45 out of 48 neurons |
| (4) Shu et al. (1994) [48] | Splanchnic nerve stimulation (Wistar rat, m, 3/4/4) | (A) Model+EA | (A) ST36, SP6
- | (B) Control
(C) Model | - | (1) Pain threshold
(2) Glucose metabolic rate | Within group
(1) (A): increase after treatment
Between groups
(2) (A)<(C): TDH, LC, ventral PAG, CPC, HL, Hippo, CP, NRD, NCS, TPV, ACC, accumbens, NSL, SC
(C)<(A): LDH, NRM, NRG, PAG
(B)<(C): NRM, PGL, LC, NRG, HA, CCGM |
| (5) Cai et al. (1994) [57] | Splanchnic nerve stimulation (rabbit, m/f, 8/4/6/6/7/9/6/6) | (A) Model+EA (25Hz)+SAL | (A) EX-B2 (T12,L1,L2)
1, 30min | (B) Model+SAL
(C) Model+ MCP
(D) Model+EA (25Hz)+MCP
(E) Model+EA+MCP+SAL
(F) Model+EA+MCP+APO
(G) Model+EA+MCP+SKF38393
(H) Model+EA+MCP+LY171555 | (D)-(H) EX-B2
1, 30min | (1) Pain threshold
(2) DA in CSF
(3) DOPAC in CSF
(4) HVA in CSF | Within group
(1) (A), (C), (D), (F): elevated compared to baseline
(4) (A), (C): elevated compared to baseline
Between groups
(1) (A), (C)<(D); (B)<(C); (F), (G), (H)<(E)
(4) (A),(C)>(B) |
| (6) Kwon et al. (2001) [56] | Acetic acid injection (ICR mice, m, 10-20/group) | (A) Model+BV
(B) Model+BV+NAL
(C) Model+BV+Yo | (A) CV12
1, - | (D) Model+BV
(E) Model+SAL | (D) non-acupoint
1, - | (1) Abdominal stretches
(2) c-Fos in spinal cord, NTS | Between groups
(1) (A), (D)<(E)
(2) (A)<(E) |
(7) Yu et al.
(2008) [55] | Acetic acid injection (mice, m/f, 12/group) | (A) WT Model+MA
(B) Connexin 43 gene knockout HT Model+MA | (A),(B) CV12, ST36
1, 30min | (C) WT control
(D) HT control
(E) WT model
(F) HT model | -
- | (1) c-Fos in the spinal dorsal horn | Between groups
(1) (A)<(E), (A)<(B) |
(8) Yu et al.
(2008) [22] | Acetic acid injection (mice, m/f, 18/group) | (A) Model+WT MA
(B) Connexin 43 gene knockout HT ++Model+MA | (A),(B) CV12, ST36
1, 30min | (C) WT control
(D) HT control
(E) WT model
(F) HT model | -
- | (1) Latency of writhing response
(2) Number of writhing response
(3) β-endorphin in hypothalamus
(4) Plasma PGE2 | Between groups
(1), (3) (A)>(E), (A)>(B)
(2), (4) (A)<(E), (A)<(B) |
| (9) Liu et al. (2010) [23] | Acetic acid injection (SD rat, m/f, 6/group) | (A) Model+EA (2/20Hz)
(B) Model+EA+Snake venom
(C) Modal+EA+SAL | (A)-(C) ST2
1, 20 min | (D) Control
(E) Model
(F) Model+EA+ION transection | (F) ST2
1, 20 min | (1) Abdominal muscular contractions
(2) c-Fos expression in the NTS
(3) c-Fos expression in the PTN | Between groups
(1), (2) (A),(E)>(D); (A),(B),(C)<(E), (A)<(F)
(3) (A),(B),(C)>(E), (A),(B),(C)>(F) |
| (10) Liu et al. (2011) [31] | Acetic acid injection (SD rat, -, -) | (A) Model+EA (2/20Hz, 1.0mA)
(B) Model+EA (2/20Hz, 2.0mA)
(C) Model+ EA (2/20Hz, 4.5mA)
(D) EA (2/20Hz)
(E)-(G) Model+EA (2/20Hz) | (A)-(E) ST2
(F) GB14
(G) ST6
1, 20min | (H) Control
(I) Model
(J) Model+Sham EA (ns)
(K) Model+EA (2/20Hz) | (J) ST2
(K) non-acupoint
1, 20min | (1) c-Fos
(2) Abdominal contractions | Within group
(1) (D): in the NTS, CPTN, PTN, postrema, DMN of the vagus, RF (blocked by infraorbital nerves transaction pretreatment in PTN)
(1) (B), (C), (E), (G), (K): inhibited in NTS
(1) (B)-(E), (G), (K): increased in PTN
(1), (2) (E): infraorbital nerves transaction and capsaicin pretreatment inhibited the effect of EA on reduced (1) and (2)
Between groups
(2) (D), (E), (G), (H), (K)<(I)
(B), (C)<(A), (I), (K) |
(11) Gong et al.
(1992) [50] | Antimonium potassium tartrate injection (Wistar rat, m/f, 15/10/7/-/12/8/9/8/6/6/10/8/15/15) | (A) Model+EA (45/12.5Hz)
(B) Model+EA (45/12.5Hz)
+electrical stimulation of PVN | GV26, CV24
1, 20min | (C) Control
(D) Model
(E) Model+Sham EA (ns)
(F) Model+EA+sham stimulation of PVN
(G) Model+EA+lesion of PVN
(H) Model+EA+sham lesion of PVN
(I) Model+EA+vasopressin antagonist
(J) Model+EA+SAL
(K) Model+EA+vasopressin antiserum
(L) Model+EA+normal serum
(M) Model+EA+vasopressin antagonist
(N) Model+EA+SAL | (E)-(N) GV26, CV24
1, 20min | (1) Writhing response | Between groups
(1) (A)<(E), (B)<(F), (G)>(H), (I)>(J), (K)>(L) |
| (12) Xu et al. (2010) [59] | Formalin injection (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) EA (20Hz, ~1mA)
(B) Model+EA
(20Hz, ~1mA) | (A), (B) EX-B2 (L3, 6)
1, 20min | (C) Control
(D) Model | - | (1) Visceral pain behavior
(2) p38 in colon, spinal dorsal horn
(3) c-Fos in colon, spinal dorsal horn
(4) Plasma β-endorphin
(5) SP in colon | Between groups
(1) (B)<(D)
(2), (3), (5) (B), (C)<(D)
(4) (C)<(D)<(B) |
(13) Rong et al.
(2005) [44] | CRD (SD rat, m, total 67) | (A) Model+non receptive field MA (2-3Hz)
(B) Model+receptive field MA | (A) ST36 (contr)
(B) ST36 (ips)
1, 30s | (C) Model
(D) Model+non receptive field pinch
(E) Model+ receptive field pinch
(F) Model+hot water on tail (non receptive filed)
(G) Model+ non receptive field MA+acute freeze of spinal cord
(H) Model+acute freeze of spinal cord | (G) ST36 (contralateral)
1, 30s | (1) Electrical activities of spinal dorsal horn WDR neurons of L1-L3 | Within groups
(1) (A), (D): decreased
(B), (G), (H): increased
Between groups
(1) (A),(D)<(C); (A)<(G) |
(14) Rong et al.
(2005) [24] | CRD (SD rat, -, 17/17/9/15/9) | (A), (B) Model+MA (2Hz) | (A) ST36 (contr)
(B) ST36 (ips)
1, 30s | (C) Pinch (contr)
(D) Pinch (ips)
(E) Model | - | (1) Electrical activities in spinal dorsal horn | Between groups
(1) (A), (C)<(E) ((A)<(E) effect blocked after spinalization) |
| (15) Zhang et al. (2009) [28] | CRD (SD rat, m, 58) | (a), (b) Model+EA (2Hz, 1mA) | (a) ST36 (contr)
(b) ST36 (ips)
1, 320s | (c) Model
(d) Model+EA (2Hz, 1mA, 0.5ms)
(e) Model+EA (100Hz, 1mA, 0.5ms) | (c)-(e) center of receptive field
1, 320s | (1) Electrical activities in thalamus | Between groups
(1) (d), (e)<(c) (e)<(d) (d)<(a), (b) |
| (16) Chen et al. (2010) [51] | CRD (Wistar rat, m, 9/group) | (A) Model+EA
(B) Model+EA
(C) Model+EA (2/15Hz, 2mA) | (A) ST36
(B) PC6
(C) LR3
1, 15min | (D) Control
(E) Model+Sham EA (non-acupoint, 2/15Hz, 2mA) | (E) non-acupoint
1, 15min | (1) MAP
(2) HR
(3) HRV HF
(4) LF
(5) LF/HF | Within group
(2) (A), (B) decreased
Between groups
(1) (A),(B)<(C),(D),(E)
(4) (A),(B),(C)<(D)
(5) (A),(B)<(D) |
| (17) Liu et al. (2014) [35] | CRD (SD rat, m, 62) | (a)-(c) Model+EA (10Hz, 2mA) | (a) ST36
(b) PC6
(c) Auricular acupoint (heart)
1, 30s | - | - | (1) Electrical activities in NTS | Within group
(1) (a), (b), (c): reduced in 5-10 neurons and increased in 2 neurons among 21 excited neurons by CRD
reversed in 9-15 neurons among 24 inhibited neurons by CRD |
| (18) Yu et al. (2014) [36] | CRD (SD rat, m, 10-11/group) | (a) Model+EA (15Hz, 1.5mA)
(b) Model+EA (15Hz, 6mA)
(c) Model+EA (15Hz, 4mA) | (a)-(c) ST36, 37
2, 30s | (d) Model | - | (1) Electrical activities of wide dynamic range neurons
(2) Electrical activities of SRD neurons | Within group
(1) (a), (b): increased after treatment and CRD
(d): increased
(2) (c), (d): significant responses
(a), (b): increased after CRD |
| (19) Li et al. (2014) [37] | CRD (SD rat, f, 8/7/7/7) | (A) Model+auricular EA (25Hz, 0.8mA) | (A) Auricular acupoints (stomach, small intestine)
1, 30min | (B) Control
(C) Model
(D) Model+sham EA | (D) no vagal innervation points
1, 30min | (1) VMR
(2) mRNA of 5-HT1a receptor in colon
(3) mRNA of 5-HT1a receptor in raphe nuclei | Within group
(1) (C): increased
Between groups
(1) (B)<(A), (C), (D)
(1), (2) (A)<(C)
(3) (A)<(C), (D) |
| (20) Yu et al. (2014) [47] | CRD (SD rat, m, 22) | (a) preEA+Model+EA (15Hz, 1mA)
(b) preEA+Model+EA (15Hz, 4mA)
(c) preEA+Model+EA (15Hz, 7mA)
(d) preEA+Model+EA (15Hz, 10mA) | (a)-(d) ST36 (ips)
2, 30s | - | -
- | (1) Electrical activities of WDR in lumbar spinal cord | Within group
(1) (a), (b), (c), (d): increased |
| (21) Liu et al. (2015) [38] | CRD (SD rat, m, 8/group) | (A) Model+EA (2/100Hz) | (A) ST37
7, 20min | (B) Control
(C) Model
(D) Model+sham EA (ns) | (D) ST37
7, 20min | (1) AWR
(2) CRH in colon
(3) CRH in spinal cord, hypothalamus
(4) mRNA of CRH in colon, spinal cord, hypothalamus | Between groups
(1) (A), (B)<(C); (A)<(D)
(2) (A), (B), (D)<(C)
(3) (A), (B)<(C),(D) (except (A)<(D) in the spinal cord)
(4) (A), (B)<(C); (B)<(D)<(C) (only in hypothalamus) |
| (22) Rong et al. (2015) [40] | CRD (SD rat, m, 26) | (a) Model+EA (20Hz) | (A) ST36, 37
2, 30s | (b) Model | - | (1) Discharge frequency of VPL neurons in thalamus | Within group
(1) (a): increased after CRD
(b): increased |
(23) Iwa et al.
(2005) [58] | Rectal distension (Dog, f 4, 6/group) | (A) Model+EA (10Hz) | (A) ST36
1, 30min | (B) Model+EA
(C) Model+EA+NAL
(D) Model+EA+NAL methiodide | (B) BL21
(C), (D) ST36
1, 30min | (1) Arterial
blood pressure | Within group
(1) (A), (D): decreased after treatment |
| (24) Lin et al. (2009) [45] | Gastric distension (SD rat, m, 10/group) | (A) Model+EA (2Hz, 1-3mA)
(B) Model+EA (100Hz, 1-3mA) | (A),(B) ST36
7, 30min | (C) Control
(D) Model
(E) Sham model | -
- | (1) Pain score
(2) β-endorphin in hypothalamus
(3) SP in hypothalamus | Within group
(1) (A), (B) decreased
Between groups
(1) (B)>(A)>(D)>(C),(E)
(2),(3) (A)>(B)>(D)>(C),(E) |
| (25) Sun et al. (1991) [49] | Somatic and visceral noxious stimuli (Wistar rat, m/f, 23/28/-/16) | (A) Model+EA (6v, 8Hz) | (A) ST36
1, 15min | (B) Model
(C) Model+Morphine
(D) Model+Morphine+NAL | -
- | (1) Discharge of PEN in VPN
(2) Discharge of PIN in VPN | Within group
(1) (A): reduced
(2) (A): enhanced |
| (26) Lorenzini et al. (2010) [30] | Cystitis (SD rat, m, total 48) | (A) Cystitis+PWL | (A)-(F) ST36, TE5
Various | (B) Cystitis | - | (1) Urinary bladder weight, mucosal erosion, ulceration, edema, petechial hemorrhages, thickness of bladder wall
(2) Visceral pain behavior | Within group
(1), (2) (A), (B): increased |
| (27) Yang et al. (2010) [46] | Visceral traction (SD rat, m, 10/group) | (A) Model+ LA (650nm, 10mW) | (A) ST36
1, 30min | (B) Sham model
(C) Model
(D) Model+Moxa | (D) ST36
1, 30min | (1) Pain score
(2) Systolic pressure
(3) AChE
(4) SP
(5) LEK
(6) Positive index of c-Fos protein
(7) Positive index of GFAP | Between groups
(1), (3) (A),(B),(D)<(C)
(2) (A),(B)<(C)
(4) (B)<(A)<(D)<(C)
(5) (A)>(B),(C),(D)
(6), (7) (B)<(A),(D)<(C) |
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