1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PD model, cultures were treated with TQ (0.01, 0.1, 1 and, 10 μM) on day 8th for 4 days.
(i) Rescued dopaminergic neurons through: (ii) Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
Experimental model of early PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity, pretreatment of daily TQ (5 & 10 mg/kg) and one additional dose after surgery were used.
(i) ↓ MDA level (ii) Prevents loss of neurons in substantia nigra (iii) Protects hippocampal & human induced pluripotent stem cell against α-synuclein induced synaptic toxicity
(i) Open field and elevated plus maze models; forced swim test (ii) Locomotor behavior in familiar and new environment in rats, N. sativa oil (0.1 mL/day) aqueous seed extract (2 mL/day) orally for 4-6 weeks
(i) ↑ in open field activity & struggling time (ii) ↑ 5-HT (iii) ↓ 5HIAA level in the brain (iv) ↑ tryptophan level in plasma & brain (v) ↑ locomotors activity in novel environment (vi) ↑ brain DA level
Randomized trial (on 35 known addicts of opiates), 500 mg N. Sativa three times daily
(i) ↓ the withdrawal effects significantly (ii) ↑ appetite (no significant weight gain) (iii) No changes in physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse and respiratory rate)