| | | Study | Year | Design | Country | Study period | Cancer types | Age | Gender | Study size | Follow-up | Adjustments or match | Intervention | Comparator |
| | 1 | Okada et al. [19] | 2017 | Cohort | Japan | 2003–2007 | Esophageal and gastric cancer | 24–95 | Male
Female | 1604 (1053/102/338/111); death: 213
9620 (6392/516/2105/607); death: 603 | ESCC: 4.4 years
GC: 6.1 years | Sex, age, year of diagnosis, BMI, smoking history, alcohol drinking history, and stage | 1-2 times/week
≥3 times/week
Unknown | No habit |
| | 2 | Abbott et al. [20] | 2018 | Case-control | USA | 2010–2015 | Ovarian cancer | 20–79 | Female | 264 (130/90/44); death: 80 | 42.7 months | Age, stage, geographic region, number of comorbid conditions, education, and income. RPA after diagnosis is additionally adjusted for prediagnosis RPA (0, >0–9, >9 MET-hours/week) | >0–9 MET-hours/week
>9 MET-hours/week | 0 |
| | 3 | Bradshaw et al. [21] | 2014 | Cohort | USA | 1996-1997 | Breast cancer | 25–91 | Female | 1423 (349/30/181/668); death: 420 | 5 years | Missing data: PA, chemotherapy, and tumor size, which assumes that the missing data mechanism for PA is ignorable | 0.1–9.0 MET h/week
>9 MET h/week
Missing | 0 |
| | 4 | Kuiper et al. [22] | 2012 | Cohort | USA | 1993–1998 | Colorectal cancer | 50–79 | Female | 1339 (234/166/350/312/277); death: 171 | 11.9 years | Adjusted for age at diagnosis, study arm, BMI, tumor stage, ethnicity, education, alcohol, smoking, and hormone therapy use | >0–2.9 MET-hours/week
3.0–8.9 MET-hours/week
9.0–17.9 MET-hours/week
≥18 MET-hours/week | 0 |
| | 5 | Hardee et al. [23] | 2014 | Cohort | USA | 1987–2002 | Cancers | 18–81 (54.4) | Male
Female | 2863 (PA: 1117/1746RE: 1612/1251); death: 121 | 7.3 years | Age, gender, and examination year, body mass index, current smoking (yes or no), heavy drinking (yes or no), hypertension (present or not), diabetes (present or not), hypercholesterolemia (yes or no), and parental history of cancer (yes or no) | RE: yes | RE: no | | 6 | Bao et al. [24] | 2015 | Cohort | China | 2002–2006 | Breast cancer | 20–75 | Female | 518 (175/343); death: 128 | 9.1 years | Age at diagnosis (continuous variable), education (<middle school, middle school, high school, >high school), marital status, Charlson comorbidity index (0, ≥1), menopausal status (yes, no), BMI at baseline (<18, 18–24.99, 25–29.99, ≥30), soy protein intake (Q1–Q4), tea consumption at baseline (yes, no), chemotherapy (yes, no), radiotherapy (yes, no), and TNM stage (I, II, III, unknown) | Yes | No |
| | 7 | Gunnell et al. [25] | 2017 | Cohort | Australia | 2004–2011 | Cancers | 68 | Male
Female | 1667 (439/460/384/384); death: 135 | 8.8 years | Age at survey, sex, smoking category, long-term risky drinking category, body mass index category, daily fruit and vegetable intake, survey year, self-reported diabetes, SF-8 mental health component score, SF-8 physical health component score, and previous cancer type | <150 min LTPA/week
150–359 min LTPA/week
360 + min LTPA/week | No LTPA |
| | 8 | Baade et al. [26] | 2011 | Cohort | Australia | 2003–2008 | Colorectal cancer | 20–70+ | Male
Female | 1825 (748/484/593); death: 462 | 4.9 years | Not mentioned | Insufficiently active
Sufficiently active | Sedentary |
| | 9 | Irwin et al. [27] | 2008 | Cohort | USA | 1995–2004 | Breast cancer | >18 | Female | 688 (114/297/277); death: 53 | 2.5 years | Age, race, disease stage, initial treatment, tamoxifen use, body mass index, and fruit/vegetable servings per day | >0–8.9 MET-h/wk
≥9 MET-h/wk | 0 MET-h/wk |
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