A 4-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Study of Ssanghwa-Tang in Crl:CD Sprague Dawley Rats

Table 5

Serum biochemical parameters of male rats treated with SHT for 4 weeks.

	Male				Female
Dose (mg/kg/day)	0	1000	2000	5000	0	1000	2000	5000
Glucose (mg/dL)	106.8 ± 24.71	92.3 ± 21.73	98.0 ± 21.75	98.2 ± 17.86	91.3 ± 22.94	86.4 ± 29.49	93.6 ± 32.92	107.0 ± 34.19
BUN (mg/dL)	13.2 ± 1.25	15.3 ± 3.35	14.5 ± 3.18	14.7 ± 1.44	19.5 ± 3.05	15.7 ± 3.13	17.8 ± 4.16	17.6 ± 1.95
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.48 ± 0.039	0.47 ± 0.050	0.51 ± 0.034	0.49 ± 0.067	0.53 ± 0.082	0.51 ± 0.078	0.54 ± 0.082	0.52 ± 0.065
Creatine kinase (IU/L)	666.2 ± 104.26	867.8 ± 245.02	887.2 ± 357.40	553.8 ± 244.37	608.8 ± 132.36	588.0 ± 198.72	647.4 ± 140.40	602.8 ± 143.98
Total protein (g/dL)	6.16 ± 0.25	5.96 ± 0.11	6.34 ± 0.37	6.14 ± 0.161	6.54 ± 0.35	6.27 ± 0.27	6.38 ± 0.17	6.55 ± 0.22
Albumin (g/dL)	4.08 ± 0.078	4.01 ± 0.068	4.16 ± 0.227	4.11 ± 0.054	4.32 ± 0.173	4.26 ± 0.166	4.35 ± 0.103	4.39 ± 0.184
Albumin/globulin ratio	1.98 ± 0.17	2.07 ± 0.08	1.91 ± 0.02	2.03 ± 0.137	1.96 ± 0.13	2.12 ± 0.12	2.15 ± 0.09	2.04 ± 0.10
AST (IU/L)	114.3 ± 16.46	120.7 ± 7.31	129.4 ± 31.51	105.6 ± 20.73	112.2 ± 7.14	108.4 ± 16.00	113.9 ± 12.84	113.9 ± 15.20
ALT (IU/L)	32.5 ± 2.07	± 1.55	30.9 ± 6.25	29.0 ± 1.77	23.1 ± 3.40	24.7 ± 4.58	24.0 ± 0.69	22.8 ± 4.89
GGT (IU/L)	0.36 ± 0.096	0.36 ± 0.098	0.46 ± 0.212	0.47 ± 0.148	1.00 ± 0.322	0.75 ± 0.448	0.82 ± 0.192	1.02 ± 0.205
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.090 ± 0.0126	0.087 ± 0.0140	0.115 ± 0.0296	0.143^++  ± 0.0251	0.108 ± 0.0197	0.115 ± 0.0158	0.129 ± 0.0129	0.18^++  ± 0.0182
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	69.2 ± 8.35	61.0 ± 9.30	64.4 ± 6.11	70.8 ± 20.39	64.6 ± 6.15	66.8 ± 9.88	70.8 ± 15.94	65.8 ± 14.60
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	19.2 ± 5.36	18.6 ± 7.22	23.3 ± 5.01	25.3 ± 9.48	11.00 ± 2.49	7.40 ± 1.41	12.10 ± 7.78	10.70 ± 6.05
Phospholipid (mg/dL)	97.4 ± 8.41	86.4 ± 9.84	93.0 ± 2.45	100.6 ± 21.87	110.0 ± 11.00	107.0 ± 11.47	118.2 ± 21.09	110.8 ± 18.29
ALP (IU/L)	559.6 ± 132.03	502.4 ± 83.83	557.6 ± 103.62	559.5 ± 131.21	375.4 ± 82.20	408.6 ± 118.19	147.4 ± 120.99	370.9 ± 67.94
Calcium (mg/dL)	10.5 ± 0.429	10.5 ± 0.182	10.6 ± 0.502	10.6 ± 0.153	10.85 ± 0.31	10.58 ± 0.33	10.65 ± 0.42	10.83 ± 0.26
IP (mg/dL)	10.4 ± 1.081	11.3 ± 0.846	10.7 ± 1.304	11.2 ± 0.671	10.32 ± 0.31	11.08 ± 0.71	10.85 ± 0.57	10.94 ± 0.70
Potassium (mmol/L)	6.70 ± 1.298	8.80 ± 0.704	6.90 ± 1.667	7.90 ± 1.484	7.47 ± 0.12	7.60 ± 0.42	7.89 ± 0.60	7.70 ± 0.45
Sodium (mmol/L)	144.6 ± 1.82	143.8 ± 0.45	146.2 ± 1.64	145.0 ± 1.58	143.0 ± 0.71	145.0 ± 1.58	143.4 ± 0.89	144.6 ± 1.52
Chloride (mmol/L)	98.4 ± 1.67	99.4 ± 0.89	98.4 ± 1.82	98.8 ± 1.79	100.2 ± 1.48	100.2 ± 1.48	100.0 ± 1.58	100.2 ± 0.84

Results are presented as mean ± SD. Means Dunn's rank sum test significant at the 0.01 level. ⁺⁺Means Dunnett's LSD test significant at the 0.01 level. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CK, creatine kinase; AG, albumin/globulin ratio; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; TB, total bilirubin; TCHO, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; PL, phospholipid; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; IP, inorganic phosphorus.