| Plants | Family | Local name | Distribution in Sudan | Traditional uses | Chemical constituents | References |
| 1. Acacia mellifera (Vahl) | Fabaceae | Keka/kitir | Northern and Central Sudan | Bowel problems, stomach trouble, cold, treatment for malaria and inflammation | Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and saponins | [2, 21, 46] |
| 2. Adansonia digitata L. | Malvaceae | Baobab tree, tabaldi, fruit (gonglize) | Widespread and throughout Northern and Central Sudan, Kordofan, Darfur | Immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, pesticide, antipyretic, febrifuge, and astringent in the treatment of diarrhea | Terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, vitamins, amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids | [15, 16, 22, 47] |
| 3. Argemone Mexicana L. | Papaveraceae | Khash khash | Northern Sudan | Analgesic, antispasmodic, possibly hallucinogenic, and sedative, tumors, warts, skin diseases, inflammations, rheumatism, jaundice, leprosy, piles, warm infestations, and dysentery | Alkaloids as berberine, protopine, sarguinarine, optisine, and chelerytherine; the seed oil contains myristic, palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids; flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, and phenolic compounds (tannins) | [24, 48, 49] |
| 4. Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC. Wall) | Combretaceae | Sahib | Kassala, Kordofan, Darfur | Parasitic diseases and dysentery | Rich in derivatives of ellagic acid, polyalcohol sorbitol, terpenoids (α-amyrin, β-amyrin and β-sitosterol), and traces of alkaloids | [15, 23, 50, 51] |
| 5. Balanites aegyptiaca L. | Balanitaceae | Hegleig tree (Ar), laloub fruit | Widespread. and throughout Northern and Central Sudan | Jaundice, liver disorders, and spleen problems; the leaves and branches are used as a fumigant for rheumatism; fruits are used aginst constipation and as an antidiabetic | The root contains rotenone and yamogenin; bark contains steroidal sapogenins | [15, 16, 25, 52, 53] |
| 6. Cannabis sativa L. | Cannabaceae | Bango, hashish. | Cultivated in various areas in Sudan | Spasmolytic, hypnotic, analgesic to treat rabies, cholera, rheumatism, epilepsy, and tetanus; anti-inflammatory | Cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are the most prevalent natural cannabinoids) | [26] |
| 7. Capparis decidua (Forsk.) | Capparaceae | Tundub | Northern and central Sudan; Western and eastern Sudan | Jaundice, antirheumatic diuretics, antigout, anti-inflammatory, astringent, stomachic, laxative, antidote, and used for skin diseases | Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, cyanogenic glycosides and cumarins | [7, 15, 16, 27] |
| 8. Combretum hartmannianum (Schweinf) | Combretaceae | Habiel, Habeel Al Gabal | El-Jebelein. White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur, Blue Nile | Boiled leaves used to cure ascites; bark and leaves extract are used for jaundice | Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins hydrocyanic acid, and phenanthrene derivatives | [1, 2, 15, 28] |
| 9. Dobera glabra (Forsk.) | Salvadoraceae | Al meikah | Widespread. Northern Sudan, Kordofan, Darfur, Khartoum | Ophthalmic problems | Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, cyanogenic glycosides and cumarins | [2, 15, 29] |
| 10. Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) | Meliaceae | Mahogany tree | Darfur | Dysentery, diarrhea, and wound infections, fever, and remedy to treat syphilis; the bark is used in jaundice, scorpion bites, allergies | Saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids flavonoids, and phenolic compounds | [23, 54] |
| 11. Kigelia africana Lam. | Bignoniaceous | Umm Shutour | Central Sudan, Kassala, Kordofan, Blue Nile | Bark is used for ulcers treatment or for treatment of pneumonia and malaria | Verminosides and iridoids and series of polyphenols such as verbascoside | [2, 15, 34] |
| 12. Lawsonia inermis L. | Lythraceae | Henna | Widespread especially in Northern and Central Sudan | Astringent, hypotensive, sedative, and against headache, jaundice, leprosy, and skin diseases | Naphthoquinone, phenolic derivatives, coumarins, xanthones, tannins, flavonoids, aliphatic components, triterpenes, sterols glucose, gallic acid, amino acids, mannitol, trace elements, and minerals | [2, 15, 35] |
| 13. Lepidium sativum L. | Brassicaceae | Pepper cress or ELRshad | Central Sudan | Gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, and inflammatory disorders dysentery and diarrhea | Triterpenes, alkaloids, flavanoids, tannins, coumarins, and saponins | [2, 36] |
| 14. Moringa oleifera Lam. | Moringiaceae | Al-rawag | Widespread, Northern and Central Sudan | Liver disease, lipid disorders, arthritis, and inflammatory disorders; seeds used to clean water for drinking | Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, glycosides, and cumarins | [2, 15, 37] |
| 15. Nigella sativa L. | Ranunculaceae | Black seed, black cumin, or habat elbarka | Northern Sudan, Darfur (Melit and Jebel Marra) | Liver tonics, digestive, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, and remedy for jaundice, antidiabetics | Thymoquinone, thymohydro quinine, dithymoquinone, p-cymene, carvacrol, and 4-terpineol | [38] |
| 16. Occimum basilicum L. | Lamiaceae | Alryhan | Widespread throughout Northern and Central Sudan | Jaundice, stomach complaints, fever, cough, and gout, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and antidysenteric actions; the seeds are used as demulcents | Glycoside, gums, mucilage, proteins, amino acids, tannins, phenolic compound, triterpenoids steroids, sterols, saponins, flavones, and flavonoids | [16, 40, 55] | Linalol methylchavikol, methylcinnamat, and linolen, essential oil, rosmarinic acid, citral, eugenol, and geraniol |
| 17. Phoenix dactylifera Linn. | Palmae | Date, date palm | Northern Sudan, most parts of the Sudan | Sexual incapacity and weakness | Carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, vitamins tannins, and phenolic acids | [15, 41, 56] |
| 18. Raphanus sativus L. | Cruciferae | Alfgel. | Widespread | Hepatoprotective, bacterial and viral infections, inflammation | Flavonoids, saponins, cumarins, and alkaloids | [42] |
| 19. Solanum nigrum L. | Solanaceae | Enab eldib | Widespread | Inflammatory disorders, rheumatism and swellen joints, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, edema, gonorrhea | Gallic acid, catechin, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, rutin, and naringenin | [43, 57] | Poisonous plants in the Sudan |
| 20. Sterculia setigera Del. | Sterculiaceae | Terter | Blue Nile, Kassala, Kordofan, Nuba mountains, Darfur and red Sea hill regions | Jaundice and bilharzia | Saponins, steroidal, sterols, and flavonoids | [15, 44, 58] | Tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinone |
| 21. Tamarindus indica L. | Caesalpinaceae | Aradaib. | Central Sudan | To treat fever, postpartum remedy, and measles | Tannins and alkaloids and low concentration of flavonoids and saponins | [15, 45, 59, 60] |
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