| | Author | Sample size and intervention | | Duration of SCI | Outcome |
| | Wong A. M. | 50 patients, head + limbs + training; EA via the adhesive surface electrodes; bilateral Hou Hsi (SI3) and Shen Mo (B62); frequency, 75 Hz and pulse duration, 200 sec, 10 mV; each session was 30 min, five sessions per week | 50 patients, training | 58.6 ± 17.1 and 57.1 ± 18.7 days, respectively, in two groups | ASIA |
| | Qin H. H. | 22 patients, head + limbs + training; EA on upper 1/5 of parietal temporal anterior oblique (MS6), Piguan (ST31), Liangqiu (ST34), Zusanli (ST36), Fenglong (ST40), Taichong (LR3), Taixi (LI3), and Xuehai (SP10); each session was 20 mins, 100 Hz, once per day; total was 3 months | 20, limbs + training
3 months | Not mentioned | ASIA, MBI |
| | Wang S. J. | 83, back + training; EA on Chongu, Dazhui, Taodao, Shenzhu, Shendao, Zhiyang, Jinsuo, Jizhong, Mingmen, Yaoyangguan, and Xiajishu; once per day for 3 months | 83, training | 31∼102 d | ASIA |
| | Guo X. J. | 52, back + limbs + training; EA above and below the injured segment, and Huantiao, Zusanli, Yanglingquan, Xuanzhong, Yinlingquan, and Sanyinjiao; 30 min per day, 30 days | 52, limbs + training
EA on Huantiao, Zusanli, Yanglingquan, Xuanzhong, Yinlingquan, and Sanyinjiao. 30 min per day, 30 days | 4 months–4 years in the experiment, 5 months–4.5 years in control | ASIA, MBI, |
| | Guan W. | 43, back + limbs + training; EA on JIanyu, Binao, Quchi, Yangchi, Hegu, Piguan, Futu Zusanli, Fenglong, and Xuanzhong; 20 min per day, 30 days; vitamin B, acupoints injection of methylprednisolone near the injured segment, rehabilitation training for 30 days | 43, training
Vitamin B, acupoints injection of methylprednisolone near the injured segment, rehabilitation training. 30 days | 2.72 ± 2.28 months in the experiment, 2.54 ± 2.43 months in control | ASIA, MBI |
| | Jiang H. Y. | 30, back + training; EA on bilateral Jiaji acupoints. 30 min per day, 80 days; rehabilitation training | 30, training
Rehabilitation training | 3 h–14 d, average (3.1 ± 0.5) d in experiment. 3 h–15 d, average (3.0 ± 0.5) d in control | MBI |
| | Wu K. X. | 30, back + front + training; EA on bilateral Jiaji acupoints above and below the injured segment, 30 min per day, 7 days per week, 12 weeks; Zhongwan, Xiawan, Qihai, Guanyuan, Wailing, Huaroumen, Qipang, and Xiafengshi, 30 min per day, 3 days per week, 12 weeks | 30, back + training
EA on bilateral Jiaji acupoints above and below the injured segment, 30 min per day, 7 days per week, 12 weeks | (9.43 ± 7.26) months in experiment, (9.76 ± 6.98) months in control | ASIA, MBI |
| | Ou Y. P. | 42, back + front + limbs; EA on governor meridian and Jiaji points and Jianyu, Quchi, Waiguan, Hegu, Huantiao, Fengshi, Yanglingquan, Jiegu, Taichong, Shenshu, Pangguanshu, Ciliao, Zhongji, Tianshu, Chengshan, Jiexi, Dachangshu, and Changqiang; 30 min per day, 5 times a week, total of 8 weeks; rehabilitation training such as muscle training, balance, and walking | 42, training
Rehabilitation training such as muscle training, balance, and walking | 17–73 d in experiment, 21–70 d in control | MBI |
| | Li X. N. | 20, back + limbs + training; EA on Jiaji acupoints, Dazhui, Mingmen, Yanglingquan, Zusanli, Shenyu, and Huiyang; 1～2 Hz. 30 min per day | 20, back + training
EA only on Jiaji acupoints. Rehabilitation training | Not mentioned | ASIA, MBI | | Deng C. | 20, back + medicine; EA on Zhibian, Huantiao, Piguan, Futu, Yanglingquan, Zusanli, and Kunln; each treatment session was 30 min, 5 times per week, 8 weeks; monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside sodium 20 mg, iv.qd | 20, medicine
Monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside sodium 20 mg, iv.qd | 1–6 months | ASIA |
| | Deng N. | 12, back + limbs + training; EA on governor meridian and Jiaji points above and below the injured site, and Chongmen, Piguan, Huantiao, Weizhong, Zhibian, and Yanglingquan; 2–100 Hz. Each session was 30 min, once per day, 5 times a week, total of 8 weeks | 12, training
Rehabilitation training | (81.501 ± 6.29) d in experiment, (78.17 ± 6.25) d in control | ASIA |
| | Qian Y. | 38, limbs + training; EA on Shangxing, Shenting, Shenzhu, Baihui, Jizhong, Lingtai, Yaoyangguan, Xuanshu, and Yaoshu; one session was 30 min, 6 times per week, 4 weeks; rehabilitation training | 38, training
Rehabilitation training and tizanidine hydrochloride tablets | Not mentioned | ASIA |
| | Sun S. B. | 20, back + front + limbs + training; Baihui (GV 20), Fengfu (GV 16), Dazhui (GV 14), Zhiyang (GV 9), Mingmen
(GV 4), and Yaoyangguan (GV 3) were selected as the main acupoints; Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), and Guilai (ST 29) were additionally selected for the patients with fecal and urinary incontinence or urinary retention; Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Quchi (LI 11), and Hegu (LI 4) were additionally selected for the patients with upper limb dysfunction; Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34), and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were additionally selected for the patients with lower limb dysfunction; once a day, 6 times a week, and 12 weeks in total; Conventional rehabilitation training: joint rehabilitation training, exercise rehabilitation training, respiratory training, bladder rehabilitation training, and intestine tract rehabilitation training; once a day, 6 times a week, and 12 weeks in total | 20, training
Conventional rehabilitation training: joint rehabilitation training, exercise rehabilitation training, respiratory training, bladder rehabilitation training, and intestine tract rehabilitation training. Once a day, 6 times a week, and 12 weeks in total | 2.3–5.4 months in experiment, 2.4–5.2 months in control | ASIA |
| | Huo H. X. | 20, head + back + training; EA on Jiaji points above and below the injured site, and upper 1/5 of parietal temporal anterior oblique (MS6); 30 min per day, 6 days per week, 8 weeks in total; traditional rehabilitation training | 20, back + training
EA on Jiaji points above and below the injured site. 30 min per day, 6 days per week, and 8 weeks in total. Traditional rehabilitation training | 1–3 months | ASIA, MBI | | Xiao H. | 30, back + front + limbs + training; acupuncture on 3 cun above and 2 cun below CV8 of KI and ST meridian in the abdomen, and on the Jiaji points of 3 vertebra segments above and 2 vertebra segments below the injured segment on the back, with the additional points on the limbs bilaterally; acupoints changed every other day on the back and abdomen; 30 mins per day for 3 months; rehabilitation includes strength training, wheelchair driver training, transfer and gait training, practical gait training, and so on | 30, training
Traditional rehabilitation training | Not mentioned | MBI |
| | Xie J. D. | 43, back + limbs + training; EA on Azhui, Lingtai, Mingmen, Yaoyang, Shousanli, Quchi, Waiguan, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Taixi, Yanglingquan, Pangguangshu, Guanyuan, Qihai; 30 min per day, 10 days a session, and followed by a 5-day rest. 6 sessions in total; rehabilitation training | 43, training
Rehabilitation training | Not mentioned | MBI |
| | Guo Y. H. | 44, back + limbs + training; EA on Dazhui, Lingtai, Mingmen, Yaoyang, Quchi, Waiguan, Hegu, Shousanli, Zusanli, Sanyinjiao, Taixi, Futu, Yanglingquan, Guanyuan, Qihai, Pangguangshu; once per day, each treatment session was 30 min, 10 days a session, and followed by a 5-day rest. 3–5 sessions; rehabilitation training | 44, training
Rehabilitation training | Not mentioned | MBI |
| | Liang T. Y. | 40, back + front + limbs + training; EA on Dazhui, Mingmen, Lingtai, Yaoyang, Quchi, Waiguan, Shousanli, Taixi, Yanglingquan, Sanyinjiao, Zusanli, Guanyuan, Qihai, Pangguangshu; once per day, each treatment session was 30 min, 10 days a session, and followed by a 5-day rest; 6 sessions in total; rehabilitation training. | 40, training
Rehabilitation training | Not mentioned | MBI |
| | Du Y. P. | 36, back + limbs + training; EA on Dazhui, Mingmen, Guanyuan, Qihai, Pangguangshu, Lingtai, Yaoyang, Quchi, Waiguan, Shousanli, Taixi, Yanglingquan, Sanyinjiao, Zusanli; once per day, 30 min, 10 days a session, and followed by a 5-day rest. 6 sessions in total; rehabilitation training | 36, training
Traditional rehabilitation training | Not mentioned | MBI |
| | Chen D. | 20, back + limbs + training. EA on governor meridian and bladder meridian on acupoints above and below the injured site, and acupoints on three yin meridian and three yang meridian; traditional rehabilitation training | 20, training
Traditional rehabilitation training. | Not mentioned | ASIA, MBI | | Guo J. | 50, back + limbs + training; EA on Jiaji points and Dazhui, Mingmen, Zusanli, Yanglingquan, Huiyang, Shenshu; each session was 30 min, once per day, 6 times a week, a total of 8 weeks | 50, training and medicine
Rehabilitation training, herbal steam | (24.6 ± 3 1) d in experiment, (24 5 ± 3.2) d in control | ASIA, MBI |
| | Zhao L. S. | 86, back + front + limbs + training; EA on Shenshu, Mingmen, Guanyuan, Taixi, Zusanli, Pishu; each session was 30 min, once per day, 5 times a week, a total of 4 weeks | 86, training | Not mentioned | ASIA |
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