Auricular Electrical Stimulation Alleviates Headache through CGRP/COX-2/TRPV1/TRPA1 Signaling Pathways in a Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine Rat Model

Figure 1

Experimental procedure. ES: auricular electrical stimulation (ES) pretreatment; NTG: nitroglycerin (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection; D1: first day; D2: second day; D3: third day; D4: fourth day; D5: fifth day; T1, 60 min: rat behavior recognition module video recordings for 60 min; T2, 5 min: open-field test recordings for 5 min; the rats were euthanized 400 min after i.p. NTG injection on the fifth day (arrow head).