Warm Steam Inhalation before Bedtime Improved Sleep Quality in Adult Men

Table 2

HR and HRV during sham and steam-inhalation conditions.

	First treatment			Second treatment
	Sham	Steam inhalation		Sham	Steam inhalation
HR (bpm)	–2.4 ± 3.8	–4.0 ± 3.2	0.075	–3.7 ± 3.8	–4.0 ± 5.6	0.600
HF (%)	129 ± 48	162 ± 76	0.263	125 ± 47	184 ± 99	0.087
LF/HF (%)	112 ± 46	132 ± 110	0.972	131 ± 97	193 ± 152	0.552

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Comparisons are relative to the sham condition (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). HR: heart rate; HF: high frequency; LF: low frequency; LF/HF: ratio of LF to HF.