Warm Steam Inhalation before Bedtime Improved Sleep Quality in Adult Men
Table 3
Comparison of sleep parameters in the two conditions.
Sham
Steam inhalation
Bedtime (h : min)
0 : 46 ± 0 : 51
0 : 45 ± 0 : 54
0.807
Wake time (h : min)
7 : 02 ± 0 : 38
6 : 59 ± 0 : 26
0.221
SPT (min)
380.1 ± 60.7
370.5 ± 63.5
0.221
TST (min)
348.0 ± 71.3
342.8 ± 66.9
0.311
Sleep latency (min)
20.2 ± 25.9
14.1 ± 22.5
0.600
WASO (min)
11.9 ± 10.7
13.6 ± 23.8
0.861
Sleep efficiency (%)
91.2 ± 8.5
92.4 ± 7.8
0.807
Deep NREM (%)
20.2 ± 6.4
22.2 ± 10.1
0.753
Deep NREM latency (min)
23.8 ± 16.9
17.7 ± 12.1
0.045
REM latency (min)
48.6 ± 22.8
67.2 ± 34.2
0.196
Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations. Comparisons are relative to the sham condition (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). SPT: sleep period time; TST: total sleep time; WASO: wake after sleep onset; REM: rapid eye movement; NREM: non-REM.
