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Preparations | Composition of preparations | Models | Changes of the gut microbiota and metabolites | Core mechanisms | Ref. |
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Xiexin Tang | Rhizome Rhei, Radix Scutellaria, Rhizome Coptidis | SD rats | Increased: some SCFAs producing and anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Adlercreutzia and Alloprevotella ; SCFAs | Suppress inflammatory response | [38] |
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Gegen Qinlian Decoction | Radix Puerariae, Radix Scutellariae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Honey-fried Licorice Root | human | Increased: Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Gemmiger Decreased: Alistipes, Odoribacter | N/A | [39] |
KK-Ay mice | Increased: Lactobacillus johnsonii, Bacteroides vulgatus | Suppress inflammatory response | [41] |
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AMC | Rhizoma Anemarrhenae, Momordica charantia, Rhizoma Coptidis, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Red yeast rice, Aloe vera, Schisandra chinensis, Rhizoma zingiberis | human | Increased: Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Gemmiger, Coprococcus, Megamonas, Blautia | N/A | [40] |
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Huanglian Jiedu Decoction | Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus | ZDF rats | Increased: Bacteroides, Clostridium, Roseburia, Akkermansia, Oscillospira, Aggregatibacter, Eubacterium Decreased: Prevotella | Protect intestinal barrier; suppress inflammatory response; promote GLP-1and GLP-2 secretion | [42] |
SD rats | Increased: Parabacteroides, Blautia, Akkermansia Decreased: Aerococcus, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium | Regulate lipid metabolism; suppress inflammatory response; attenuate oxidative stress | [43] |
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Qijian mixture | Astragalus membranaceus, Ramulus euonymi, Coptis chinensis, Pueraria lobata | KKay mice | Increased: Bacteroidetes | Improve carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism disorder | [44] |
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Banxia Xiexin Decoction | Rhizoma Pinelliae Praeparata, Radix Scutellaria, Rhizome Coptidis, Panax ginseng, Rhizoma zingiberis, Radix liquiritiae, Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae | SD rats | Increased: Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacilli, Enterococcus | Suppress inflammatory response | [45] |
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Herbal extract + Chemical drugs | Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Metformin | OLETF rats | Increased: Roseburia, Akkermansia, SCFAs Decreased: Gram-negative bacteria, prevotella, Escherichia coli, LPS | Suppress inflammatory response | [46] |
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Herbal extract +Probiotics | Burdock Fructooligosaccharide GF13 Lactobacillus plantarum Sc 52 | C57 mice | Increased: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, SCFAs Decreased: Enterobacterium, Enterococcus | Protect intestinal barrier; suppress inflammatory response; | [47] |
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Herbal extract +Prebiotics | Berberine, stachyose | KKay mice | Increased: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | N/A | [48] |
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