Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Release Procedures in the Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum by Acupotomy: A Cadaveric study

Table 2

Paired t-test measurements between transverse- and longitudinal-axis approaches.

Comparison of the two approaches in the same segment		U-A (mm)	U-B (mm)	A (mm)	B (mm)	C (mm)	D (°)
L3/L4	Transverse axis	48.48 ± 8.30	32.57 ± 4.15	56.97 ± 8.86	35.60 ± 5.09	154.14 ± 23.51	57.85 ± 5.17
	Longitudinal axis	53.80 ± 6.13^a	—	65.79 ± 8.53^a	11.58 ± 8.52^a	122.61 ± 22.79^a	53.15 ± 5.46^a
L4/L5	Transverse axis	50.00 ± 5.95	34.46 ± 5.40	61.01 ± 6.84	37.51 ± 6.64	129.16 ± 18.91	54.88 ± 6.18
	Longitudinal axis	54.16 ± 5.50^a	—	67.06 ± 8.13^a	9.11 ± 4.52^a	99.23 ± 16.27^a	52.27 ± 6.05
L5/S1	Transverse axis	50.01 ± 7.06	33.70 ± 4.78	60.18 ± 6.82	37.63 ± 6.63	108.99 ± 13.78	54.27 ± 6.03
	Longitudinal axis	54.00 ± 6.14^a	—	69.62 ± 6.35^a	10.38 ± 4.88^a	82.70 ± 13.81^a	52.67 ± 6.40

^aStatistically significant differences between the transverse-axis approach and longitudinal-axis approach (). D, angle of acupotomy puncture; C, vertical distance from the puncture site to the horizontal line of the cornua sacralia; B, distance to the spinous process; A, depth of acupotome penetration measured in cadavers; U-A, depth of acupotome penetration; U-B, the distance from the puncture site to the spinous process.